{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:07:52Z","timestamp":1779188872030,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,1]],"date-time":"2008-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1220227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Paired Ig-like receptors of activating (PIR-A) and inhibitory (PIR-B) isoforms are expressed by many hematopoietic cells, including B lymphocytes and myeloid cells. To determine the functional roles of PIR-A and PIR-B in primary bacterial infection, PIR-B-deficient (PIR-B\u2212\/\u2212) and wild-type (WT) control mice were injected i.v. with an attenuated strain of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium (WB335). PIR-B\u2212\/\u2212 mice were found to be more susceptible to Salmonella infection than WT mice, as evidenced by high mortality rate, high bacterial loads in the liver and spleen, and a failure to clear bacteria from the circulation. Although blood levels of major cytokines and Salmonella-specific Abs were mostly comparable in the two groups of mice, distinct patterns of inflammatory lesions were found in their livers at 7\u201314 days postinfection: diffuse spreading along the sinusoids in PIR-B\u2212\/\u2212 mice vs nodular restricted localization in WT mice. PIR-B\u2212\/\u2212 mice have more inflammatory cells in the liver but fewer B cells and CD8+ T cells in the spleen than WT mice at 14 days postinfection. PIR-B\u2212\/\u2212 bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM\u03c6) failed to control intracellular replication of Salmonella in vitro, in part due to inefficient phagosomal oxidant production, when compared with WT BMM\u03c6. PIR-B\u2212\/\u2212 BMM\u03c6 also produced more nitrite and TNF-\u03b1 upon exposure to Salmonella than WT BMM\u03c6 did. These findings suggest that the disruption of PIR-A and PIR-B balance affects their regulatory roles in host defense to bacterial infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.6.4229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:24:33Z","timestamp":1397849073000},"page":"4229-4239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["PIR-B-Deficient Mice Are Susceptible to\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Ikuko","family":"Torii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Oka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muneki","family":"Hotomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294-3300"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"William H","family":"Benjamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University , Sendai,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John F","family":"Kearney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294-3300"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E","family":"Briles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35294-3300"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromi","family":"Kubagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012807090986700_R1","first-page":"84","article-title":"Immune inhibitory receptors","volume-title":"Science","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026012807090986700_R2","first-page":"326","article-title":"Face off: the interplay between activating and inhibitory immune receptors","volume-title":"Curr. 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