{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:06:24Z","timestamp":1790960784992,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The transcription factor X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP-1) plays an essential role in activating the unfolded protein response in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Transcribed XBP-1 mRNA is converted to its active form by unconventional cytoplasmic splicing mediated by inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE-1) upon ER stress. We report activation of the IRE-1\/XBP-1 pathway in effector CD8+ T cells during the response to acute infection. Transcription of unspliced XBP-1 mRNA is up-regulated by IL-2 signals, while its splicing is induced after TCR ligation. Splicing of XBP-1 mRNA was evident during the expansion of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells in response to viral or bacterial infection. An XBP-1 splicing reporter revealed that splicing activity was enriched in terminal effector cells expressing high levels of killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1). Overexpression of the spliced form of XBP-1 in CD8+ T cells enhanced KLRG1 expression during infection, whereas XBP-1\u2212\/\u2212 CD8+ T cells or cells expressing a dominant-negative form of XBP-1 showed a decreased proportion of KLRG1high effector cells. These results suggest that, in the response to pathogen, activation of ER stress sensors and XBP-1 splicing contribute to the differentiation of end-stage effector CD8+ T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.8.5433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:47:01Z","timestamp":1397850421000},"page":"5433-5441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Regulator XBP-1 Contributes to Effector CD8+ T Cell Differentiation during Acute Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Kamimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Bevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012807143960200_R1","first-page":"657","article-title":"Estimating the precursor frequency of naive antigen-specific CD8 T cells","volume-title":"J. 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