{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:53:07Z","timestamp":1790963587842,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Itk and Txk\/Rlk are Tec family kinases expressed in T cells. Itk is expressed in both Th1 and Th2 cells. By contrast, Txk is preferentially expressed in Th1 cells. Although Itk is required for Th2 responses in vivo and Txk is suggested to regulate IFN-\u03b3 expression and Th1 responses, it remains unclear whether these kinases have distinct roles in Th cell differentiation\/function. We demonstrate here that Txk-null CD4+ T cells are capable of producing both Th1 and Th2 cytokines similar to those produced by wild-type CD4+ T cells. To further examine whether Itk and Txk play distinct roles in Th cell differentiation and function, we examined Itk-null mice carrying a transgene that expresses Txk at levels similar to the expression of Itk in Th2 cells. Using two Th2 model systems, allergic asthma and schistosome egg-induced lung granulomas, we found that the Txk transgene rescued Th2 cytokine production and all Th2 symptoms without notable enhancement of IFN-\u03b3 expression. These results suggest that Txk is not a specific regulator of Th1 responses. Importantly, they suggest that Itk and Txk exert their effects on Th cell differentiation\/function at the level of expression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.9.6125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:03:28Z","timestamp":1397847808000},"page":"6125-6131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Selective Expression Rather than Specific Function of Txk and Itk Regulate Th1 and Th2 Responses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Nisebita","family":"Sahu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Venegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dragana","family":"Jankovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne","family":"Mitzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD 21205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Gomez-Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Cannons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie","family":"Sommers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Love","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Sher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela L.","family":"Schwartzberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Human Genome Research Institute"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avery","family":"August","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012807060417200_R1","first-page":"11227","article-title":"Src-induced activation of inducible T cell kinase (ITK) requires phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and the Pleckstrin homology domain of inducible T cell kinase","volume-title":"Proc. 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