{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T12:12:07Z","timestamp":1791288727045,"version":"4.3.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cmv1 was the first mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) resistance locus identified in C57BL\/6 mice. It encodes Ly49H, a NK cell-activating receptor that specifically recognizes the m157 viral protein at the surface of MCMV-infected cells. To dissect the effect of the Ly49h gene in host-pathogen interactions, we generated C57BL\/6 mice lacking the Ly49h region. We found that 36 h after MCMV infection, the lack of Ly49h resulted in high viral replication in the spleen and dramatically enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production in the serum and spleen. At later points in time, we observed that MCMV induced a drastic loss in CD8+ T cells in B6.Ly49h\u2212\/\u2212 mice, probably reflecting severe histological changes in the spleen. Overall, our results indicate that Ly49H+ NK cells contain a systemic production of cytokines that may contribute to the MCMV-induced pathology and play a central role in maintaining normal spleen cell microarchitecture. Finally, we tested the ability of B6.Ly49h\u2212\/\u2212 mice to control replication of Leishmania major and ectromelia virus. Resistance to these pathogens has been previously mapped within the NK gene complex. We found that the lack of Ly49H+ NK cells is not associated with an altered resistance to L. major. In contrast, absence of Ly49H+ NK cells seems to afford additional protection against ectromelia infection in C57BL\/6 mice, suggesting that Ly49H may recognize ectromelia-infected cells with detrimental effects. Taken together, these results confirm the pivotal role of the Ly49H receptor during MCMV infection and open the way for further investigations in host-pathogen interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.9.6394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:03:28Z","timestamp":1397847808000},"page":"6394-6405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["<i>Ly49h<\/i>\n                    -Deficient C57BL\/6 Mice: A New Mouse Cytomegalovirus-Susceptible Model Remains Resistant to Unrelated Pathogens Controlled by the NK Gene Complex"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Nassima","family":"Fodil-Cornu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics"},{"name":"McGill Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hwan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Belanger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montr\u00e9al, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Quebec,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew P.","family":"Makrigiannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montr\u00e9al, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Quebec,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine A.","family":"Biron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University , Providence, RI 02912"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R Mark","family":"Buller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University Medical School , St. Louis, MO 63104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia M.","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics"},{"name":"McGill Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012807060984000_R1","first-page":"1763","article-title":"Latency and reactivation of human cytomegalovirus","volume-title":"J. Gen. Virol.","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R2","first-page":"332","article-title":"Immunomodulation by cytomegaloviruses: manipulative strategies beyond evasion","volume-title":"Trends Microbiol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R3","first-page":"267","article-title":"Distinct organ-dependent mechanisms for the control of murine cytomegalovirus infection by natural killer cells","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R4","first-page":"1138","article-title":"An absolute and restricted requirement for IL-12 in natural killer cell IFN-\u03b3 production and antiviral defense: studies of natural killer and T cell responses in contrasting viral infections","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R5","first-page":"1731","article-title":"Severe herpesvirus infections in an adolescent without natural killer cells","volume-title":"N. Engl. J. Med.","year":"1989"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R6","first-page":"5104","article-title":"Increased susceptibility to cytomegalovirus infection in beige mutant mice","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1981"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R7","first-page":"1531","article-title":"Natural killer cell depletion enhances virus synthesis and virus-induced hepatitis in vivo","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1983"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R8","first-page":"112","article-title":"Demonstration of the antiviral role of natural killer cells in vivo with a natural killer cell-specific monoclonal antibody (NK 1.1)","volume-title":"Nat. Immun. Cell Growth Regul.","year":"1990"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R9","first-page":"517","article-title":"Interferon \u03b1\/\u03b2 and interleukin 12 responses to viral infections: pathways regulating dendritic cell cytokine expression in vivo","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R10","first-page":"1469","article-title":"Cmv-1, a genetic locus that controls murine cytomegalovirus replication in the spleen","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1990"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R11","first-page":"581","article-title":"The effect of the Cmv-1 resistance gene, which is linked to the natural killer cell gene complex, is mediated by natural killer cells","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1992"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R12","first-page":"934","article-title":"Vital involvement of a natural killer cell activation receptor in resistance to viral infection","volume-title":"Science","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R13","first-page":"42","article-title":"Susceptibility to mouse cytomegalovirus is associated with deletion of an activating natural killer cell receptor of the C-type lectin superfamily","volume-title":"Nat. Genet.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R14","first-page":"29","article-title":"Murine cytomegalovirus is regulated by a discrete subset of natural killer cells reactive with monoclonal antibody to Ly49H","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R15","first-page":"515","article-title":"Transgenic expression of the activating natural killer receptor Ly49H confers resistance to cytomegalovirus in genetically susceptible mice","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R16","first-page":"238","article-title":"Development of intra-natural killer complex (NKC) recombinant and congenic mouse strains for mapping and functional analysis of NK cell regulatory loci","volume-title":"Immunogenetics","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R17","first-page":"825","article-title":"Pivotal role of KARAP\/DAP12 adaptor molecule in the natural killer cell-mediated resistance to murine cytomegalovirus infection","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R18","first-page":"1323","article-title":"Direct recognition of cytomegalovirus by activating and inhibitory NK cell receptors","volume-title":"Science","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R19","first-page":"8826","article-title":"Recognition of a virus-encoded ligand by a natural killer cell activation receptor","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R20","first-page":"3119","article-title":"Coordinate expression of cytokines and chemokines by NK cells during murine cytomegalovirus infection","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R21","first-page":"951","article-title":"Specific and nonspecific NK cell activation during virus infection","volume-title":"Nat. Immunol.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R22","first-page":"7536","article-title":"Gain of virulence caused by loss of a gene in murine cytomegalovirus","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R23","first-page":"304","article-title":"Immune functions encoded by the natural killer gene complex","volume-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R24","first-page":"5869","article-title":"Cutting edge: a NK complex-linked locus governs acute versus latent herpes simplex virus infection of neurons","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R25","first-page":"5875","article-title":"Innate resistance to lethal mousepox is genetically linked to the NK gene complex on chromosome 6 and correlates with early restriction of virus replication by cells with an NK phenotype","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R26","first-page":"2288","article-title":"The natural killer complex regulates severe malarial pathogenesis and influences acquired immune responses to Plasmodium berghei ANKA","volume-title":"Infect. Immun.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R27","first-page":"551","article-title":"Serial backcross mapping of multiple loci associated with resistance to Leishmania major in mice","volume-title":"Immunity","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R28","first-page":"391","article-title":"Regulation of murine cerebral malaria pathogenesis by CD1d-restricted NKT cells and the natural killer complex","volume-title":"Immunity","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R29","first-page":"4070","article-title":"Induction of natural killer cell responses by ectromelia virus controls infection","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R30","first-page":"567","article-title":"Natural killer cells are a source of interferon \u03b3 that drives differentiation of CD4+ T cell subsets and induces early resistance to Leishmania major in mice","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R31","first-page":"154","article-title":"High-resolution linkage map in the proximity of the host resistance locus Cmv1","volume-title":"Genomics","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R32","first-page":"1051","article-title":"In vivo selection for Leishmania donovani miniexon genes that increase virulence in Leishmania major","volume-title":"Mol. Microbiol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R33","first-page":"4214","article-title":"Importance of interferons in recovery from mousepox","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"1993"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R34","first-page":"5478","article-title":"Cmv4, a new locus linked to the NK cell gene complex, controls innate resistance to cytomegalovirus in wild-derived mice","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Early murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection induces liver natural killer (NK) cell inflammation and protection through macrophage inflammatory protein 1\u03b1 (MIP-1\u03b1)-dependent pathways","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R36","first-page":"379","article-title":"Function and regulation of natural killer (NK) cells during viral infections: characterization of responses in vivo","volume-title":"Methods","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R37","first-page":"1185","article-title":"Characterization of early cytokine responses and an interleukin (IL)-6-dependent pathway of endogenous glucocorticoid induction during murine cytomegalovirus infection","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R38","first-page":"6723","article-title":"MyD88-dependent and -independent murine cytomegalovirus sensing for IFN-\u03b1 release and initiation of immune responses in vivo","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R39","first-page":"38","article-title":"The RMA-S lymphoma mutant; consequences of a peptide loading defect on immunological recognition and graft rejection","volume-title":"Int. J. Cancer","year":"1991"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R40","first-page":"6330","article-title":"The natural killer gene complex genetic locus Chok encodes Ly-49D, a target recognition receptor that activates natural killing","volume-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R41","first-page":"5523","article-title":"The heat shock protein HSP70 promotes mouse NK cell activity against tumors that express inducible NKG2D ligands","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R42","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Requirement for natural killer cell-produced interferon \u03b3 in defense against murine cytomegalovirus infection and enhancement of this defense pathway by interleukin 12 administration","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R43","first-page":"9248","article-title":"Mechanisms for virus-induced liver disease: tumor necrosis factor-mediated pathology independent of natural killer and T cells during murine cytomegalovirus infection","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R44","first-page":"119","article-title":"Pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus infection in natural killer cell-depleted mice","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"1984"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R45","first-page":"991","article-title":"Elevated natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, plasma interferon, and tumor cell rejection in mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"1983"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R46","first-page":"e16","article-title":"Ware. Specific remodeling of splenic architecture by cytomegalovirus","volume-title":"PLoS Pathog.","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R47","first-page":"2908","article-title":"DAP12 signaling regulates plasmacytoid dendritic cell homeostasis and down-modulates their function during viral infection","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R48","first-page":"583","article-title":"T-lymphocyte subpopulations and function during murine cytomegalovirus infection","volume-title":"Pediatr. Res.","year":"1985"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R49","first-page":"6768","article-title":"Ly49H+ NK cells migrate to and protect splenic white pulp stroma from murine cytomegalovirus infection","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R50","first-page":"101","article-title":"Late phase inhibition of murine cytomegalovirus replication by synergistic action of interferon-\u03b3 and tumour necrosis factor","volume-title":"J. Gen. Virol.","year":"1994"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R51","first-page":"904","article-title":"The T-cell-independent role of \u03b3 interferon and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 in macrophage activation during murine cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"1995"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R52","first-page":"577","article-title":"Interferon \u03b3 regulates acute and latent murine cytomegalovirus infection and chronic disease of the great vessels","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R53","first-page":"89","article-title":"Genetic control of T helper subset differentiation in Leishmania major infection of mice","volume-title":"Microbes Infect.","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R54","first-page":"335","article-title":"Genotyping new BXD recombinant inbred mouse strains and comparison of BXD and consensus maps","volume-title":"Mamm. Genome","year":"1999"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R55","first-page":"673","article-title":"Evolution of novel genes","volume-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R56","first-page":"226","article-title":"Molecular analysis of deletions in the human \u03b2-globin gene cluster: deletion junctions and locations of breakpoints","volume-title":"Genomics","year":"1990"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R57","first-page":"69","article-title":"Evidence for non-homologous end joining and non-allelic homologous recombination in atypical NF1 microdeletions","volume-title":"Hum. Genet.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R58","first-page":"646","article-title":"Sequence analysis of the Ly49 cluster in C57BL\/6 mice: a rapidly evolving multigene family in the immune system","volume-title":"Genomics","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R59","first-page":"1319","article-title":"Natural selection drives recurrent formation of activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and Ly49 from inhibitory homologues","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R60","first-page":"853","article-title":"Jinx, an MCMV susceptibility phenotype caused by disruption of Unc13d: a mouse model of type 3 familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R61","first-page":"661","article-title":"Natural killer cells utilize both perforin and \u03b3 interferon to regulate murine cytomegalovirus infection in the spleen and liver","volume-title":"J. Virol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R62","first-page":"835","article-title":"Perforin and granzymes have distinct roles in defensive immunity and immunopathology","volume-title":"Immunity","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R63","first-page":"1796","article-title":"NK1.1+ cells and murine cytomegalovirus infection: what happens in situ?","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2001"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R64","first-page":"2076","article-title":"Intrasplenic trafficking of natural killer cells is redirected by chemokines upon inflammation","volume-title":"Eur. J. Immunol.","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R65","first-page":"291","article-title":"Calling in the troops: regulation of inflammatory cell trafficking through innate cytokine\/chemokine networks","volume-title":"Viral Immunol.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R66","first-page":"885","article-title":"Dendritic cell responses to early murine cytomegalovirus infection: subset functional specialization and differential regulation by interferon \u03b1\/\u03b2","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R67","first-page":"e123","article-title":"Natural killer cells promote early CD8 T cell responses against cytomegalovirus","volume-title":"PLoS Pathog.","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R68","first-page":"7217","article-title":"A lymphotoxin-IFN-\u03b2 axis essential for lymphocyte survival revealed during cytomegalovirus infection","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R69","first-page":"271","article-title":"Apoptosis and loss of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell memory","volume-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R70","first-page":"535","article-title":"Type I interferon sensitizes lymphocytes to apoptosis and reduces resistance to Listeria infection","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R71","first-page":"437","article-title":"Type I interferon production enhances susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R72","first-page":"45","article-title":"Individual plasmacytoid dendritic cells are major contributors to the production of multiple innate cytokines in an organ-specific manner during viral infection","volume-title":"Int. Immunol.","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R73","first-page":"5799","article-title":"Cutting edge: overlapping functions of TLR7 and TLR9 for innate defense against a herpesvirus infection","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R74","first-page":"107","article-title":"TLR9-dependent recognition of MCMV by IPC and DC generates coordinated cytokine responses that activate antiviral NK cell function","volume-title":"Immunity","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R75","first-page":"294","article-title":"Genetic susceptibility to infectious disease: lessons from mouse models of leishmaniasis","volume-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet.","year":"2006"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R76","first-page":"1705","article-title":"Resistance to Leishmania major is linked to the H2 region on chromosome 17 and to chromosome 9","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R77","first-page":"e30","article-title":"A role for NKG2D in NK cell-mediated resistance to poxvirus disease","volume-title":"PLoS Pathog.","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R78","first-page":"13","article-title":"Sensing of viral infection and activation of innate immunity by Toll-like receptor 3","volume-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev.","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R79","first-page":"1069","article-title":"Hierarchy of resistance to cervical neoplasia mediated by combinations of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen loci","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R80","first-page":"836","article-title":"Activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene KIR2DS1 is associated with psoriatic arthritis","volume-title":"Hum. Immunol.","year":"2005"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R81","first-page":"2818","article-title":"Cutting edge: susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis: influence of activating killer Ig-like receptor genes in the absence of specific HLA-C alleles","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R82","first-page":"1133","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors are associated with susceptibility to psoriasis vulgaris","volume-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol.","year":"2004"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R83","first-page":"24","article-title":"Viral chemokine-binding proteins","volume-title":"J. Leukocyte Biol.","year":"2002"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R84","first-page":"1435","article-title":"A soluble chemokine-binding protein from vaccinia virus reduces virus virulence and the inflammatory response to infection","volume-title":"J. Immunol.","year":"2003"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R85","first-page":"1341","article-title":"Nonstochastic coexpression of activation receptors on murine natural killer cells","volume-title":"J. Exp. Med.","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026012807060984000_R86","first-page":"565","article-title":"Ly49h is necessary for genetic resistance to murine cytomegalovirus","volume-title":"Immunogenetics","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/181\/9\/6394\/62580301\/7999.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/181\/9\/6394\/62580301\/7999.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T12:06:49Z","timestamp":1769602009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/181\/9\/6394\/8007800"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.181.9.6394","relation":{},"ISSN":["1550-6606","0022-1767"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]]}}}