{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:05:58Z","timestamp":1787166358960,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HIV-1 infection has significant effect on the immune system as well as on the nervous system. Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is frequently observed in patients with HIV-associated dementia (HAD) despite lack of productive infection of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). Cellular products and viral proteins secreted by HIV-1 infected cells, such as the HIV-1 Gp120 envelope glycoprotein, play important roles in BBB impairment and HIV-associated dementia development. HBMEC are a major component of the BBB. Using cocultures of HBMEC and human astrocytes as a model system for human BBB as well as in vivo model, we show for the first time that cannabinoid agonists inhibited HIV-1 Gp120-induced calcium influx mediated by substance P and significantly decreased the permeability of HBMEC as well as prevented tight junction protein down-regulation of ZO-1, claudin-5, and JAM-1 in HBMEC. Furthermore, cannabinoid agonists inhibited the transmigration of human monocytes across the BBB and blocked the BBB permeability in vivo. These results demonstrate that cannabinoid agonists are able to restore the integrity of HBMEC and the BBB following insults by HIV-1 Gp120. These studies may lead to better strategies for treatment modalities targeted to the BBB following HIV-1 infection of the brain based on cannabinoid pharmacotherapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.9.6406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:03:28Z","timestamp":1397847808000},"page":"6406-6416","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Cannabinoids Inhibit HIV-1 Gp120-Mediated Insults in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Tzong-Shi","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hava Karsenty","family":"Avraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyha","family":"Seng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souvenir D.","family":"Tachado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Koziel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonary Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Makriyannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University , Boston, MA 02115"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalom","family":"Avraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025032700365305900_R1","first-page":"173","article-title":"The blood-brain barrier\/neurovascular unit in health and disease","volume-title":"Pharmacol. 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