{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T13:44:56Z","timestamp":1791207896056,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antiparasite responses are associated with the recruitment of monocytes that differentiate to macrophages and dendritic cells at the site of infection. Although classically activated monocytic cells are assumed to be the major source of TNF and NO during Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection, their cellular origin remains unclear. In this study, we show that bone marrow-derived monocytes accumulate and differentiate to TNF\/inducible NO synthase-producing dendritic cells (TIP-DCs) in the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes of T. brucei brucei-infected mice. Although TIP-DCs have been shown to play a beneficial role in the elimination of several intracellular pathogens, we report that TIP-DCs, as a major source of TNF and NO in inflamed organs, could contribute actively to tissue damage during the chronic stage of T. brucei brucei infection. In addition, the absence of IL-10 leads to enhanced differentiation of monocytes to TIP-DCs, resulting in exacerbated pathogenicity and early death of the host. Finally, we demonstrate that sustained production of IL-10 following IL-10 gene delivery treatment with an adeno-associated viral vector to chronically infected mice limits the differentiation of monocytes to TIP-DCs and protects the host from tissue damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.2.1107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:00:37Z","timestamp":1397847637000},"page":"1107-1118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["IL-10 Dampens TNF\/Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase-Producing Dendritic Cell-Mediated Pathogenicity during Parasitic Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Guilliams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions , VIB, Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiavash","family":"Movahedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions , VIB, Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Bosschaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions , VIB, Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"VandenDriessche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Transgene Technology & Gene Therapy, University of Leuven , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Transgene Technology and Gene Therapy, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marinee Khim","family":"Chuah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Transgene Technology & Gene Therapy, University of Leuven , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Transgene Technology and Gene Therapy, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"H\u00e9rin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Tissue Laboratory, Unit\u00e9 de Recherche en Physiologie Mol\u00e9culaire, Facult\u00e9s Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix , Namur,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abel","family":"Acosta-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Transgene Technology & Gene Therapy, University of Leuven , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Transgene Technology and Gene Therapy, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Transgene Technology & Gene Therapy, University of Leuven , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Transgene Technology and Gene Therapy, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie , Leuven,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muriel","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Biologie et M\u00e9decine Mol\u00e9culaires, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles , Gosselies,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo A","family":"Van Ginderachter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions , VIB, Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lea","family":"Brys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions , VIB, Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"De Baetselier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions , VIB, Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , Brussels,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Beschin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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