{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:25:06Z","timestamp":1788521106812,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neuropsychiatric disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a poorly understood, but potentially fatal, disease manifestation. A pathogenetic role for autoantibodies is suspected, but the mechanism is unclear. Since immune complexes in SLE can stimulate IFN-\u03b1 and there is strong evidence in humans and in mice that IFN-\u03b1 can cause neuropsychiatric manifestations, we asked whether NPSLE patient serum and\/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contain abnormally high IFN-\u03b1-inducing activity. In a bioassay containing plasmacytoid dendritic cells and a source of Ag, NPSLE CSF induced significantly higher IFN-\u03b1 compared with CSF from patients with multiple sclerosis or other autoimmune disease controls. When normalized for IgG concentration, NPSLE CSF was 800-fold more potent at inducing IFN-\u03b1 compared with paired serum due to inhibitors present in serum. Analysis of Ig-deficient patient serum, depletion of IgG from normal serum, as well as addition of purified IgG to NPSLE CSF and serum in the bioassays revealed that one inhibitor was contained within the IgG fraction itself. In addition to IFN-\u03b1, immune complexes formed by CSF autoantibodies produced significantly increased levels of IFN-\u03b3-inducible protein 10 (IP-10\/CXCL), IL-8, and MCP-1, all of which have been reported to be elevated in CSF from NPSLE patients. Taken together, these findings are consistent with a two-step model of NPSLE whereby CSF autoantibodies bind to Ags released by neurocytotoxic Abs or other brain cell injury, and the resulting immune complexes stimulate IFN-\u03b1 and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.2.1192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:00:37Z","timestamp":1397847637000},"page":"1192-1201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":134,"title":["Potent Induction of IFN-\u03b1 and Chemokines by Autoantibodies in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Neuropsychiatric Lupus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Deanna M","family":"Santer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taku","family":"Yoshio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University , Tochigi-ken,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Minota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University , Tochigi-ken,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"M\u00f6ller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith B","family":"Elkon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington , Seattle, WA 98195"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012806210883300_R1","first-page":"337","article-title":"The neurological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume-title":"Medicine","year":"1968"},{"key":"2026012806210883300_R2","first-page":"273","article-title":"Neuropsychiatric lupus.","volume-title":"Rheum. 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