{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:57:27Z","timestamp":1790125047392,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) Abs stimulate NK cell effector functions and play a role in protecting from and controlling viral infections. We characterized ADCC Abs in a cross-sectional cohort of 80 HIV-infected subjects not on antiretroviral therapy. We analyzed ADCC response by killing fluorescently labeled target cells, as well as expression of IFN-\u03b3 and the degranulation marker CD107a from activated NK cells as measured by a novel intracellular cytokine assay. HIV-specific ADCC directed toward Envelope proteins were present in the majority of 80 untreated HIV-infected individuals measured by killing function. Similarly, most subjects had HIV-specific Abs that mediated degranulation or cytokine expression by NK cells. Interestingly, there was a poor correlation between ADCC-mediated killing of fluorescently labeled whole Envelope protein-pulsed cell lines and Ab-mediated expression of IFN-\u03b3 by NK cells. However, in contrast to healthy donor NK cells, autologous patient NK cells more effectively degranulated granzyme B in response to ADCC activation. Activation of NK cells in response to stimulation by HIV-specific Abs occurs at least as rapidly as activation of Gag-specific CTLs. Our studies highlight the complexity of ab-mediated NK cell activation in HIV infection, and suggest new avenues toward studying the utility of ADCC in controlling HIV infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.182.2.1202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,18]],"date-time":"2014-04-18T19:00:37Z","timestamp":1397847637000},"page":"1202-1210","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Rapid Degranulation of NK Cells following Activation by HIV-Specific Antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Amy W","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne , Melbourne,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Rollman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne , Melbourne,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob J","family":"Center","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne , Melbourne,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne , Melbourne,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre , Carlton,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Hospital , Prahran,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Stratov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne , Melbourne,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Melbourne Sexual Health Centre , Carlton,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Hospital , Prahran,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Burnet Institute , Prahran,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026012806210827000_R1","first-page":"619","article-title":"Impact of MHC class I diversity on immune control of immunodeficiency virus replication.","volume-title":"Nat. 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