{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T07:13:27Z","timestamp":1781766807736,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569888000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Microglia being the resident macrophage of brain provides neuroprotection following diverse microbial infections. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) invades the CNS, resulting in neuroinflammation, which turns the neuroprotective role of microglia detrimental as characterized by increased microglial activation and neuronal death. Several host factors, including microRNAs, play vital roles in regulating virus-induced inflammation. In the current study, we demonstrate that the expression of miR-301a is increased in JEV-infected microglial cells and human brain. Overexpression of miR-301a augments the JEV-induced inflammatory response, whereas inhibition of miR-301a completely reverses the effects. Mechanistically, NF-\u03baB\u2013repressing factor (NKRF) functioning as inhibitor of NF-\u03baB activation is identified as a potential target of miR-301a in JEV infection. Consequently, miR-301a\u2013mediated inhibition of NKRF enhances nuclear translocation of NF-\u03baB, which, in turn, resulted in amplified inflammatory response. Conversely, NKRF overexpression in miR-301a\u2013inhibited condition restores nuclear accumulation of NF-\u03baB to a basal level. We also observed that JEV infection induces classical activation (M1) of microglia that drives the production of proinflammatory cytokines while suppressing alternative activation (M2) that could serve to dampen the inflammatory response. Furthermore, in vivo neutralization of miR-301a in mouse brain restores NKRF expression, thereby reducing inflammatory response, microglial activation, and neuronal apoptosis. Thus, our study suggests that the JEV-induced expression of miR-301a positively regulates inflammatory response by suppressing NKRF production, which might be targeted to manage viral-induced neuroinflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,16]],"date-time":"2019-09-16T17:25:18Z","timestamp":1568654718000},"page":"2222-2238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["miR-301a Regulates Inflammatory Response to Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection via Suppression of NKRF Activity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"203","author":[{"given":"Bibhabasu","family":"Hazra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Brain Research Centre , Manesar, Haryana 122052 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surajit","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Brain Research Centre , Manesar, Haryana 122052 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meenakshi","family":"Bhaskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Brain Research Centre , Manesar, Haryana 122052 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sriparna","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Brain Research Centre , Manesar, Haryana 122052 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4837-1463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anita","family":"Mahadevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences , Bangalore 560029 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5200-2054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anirban","family":"Basu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Brain Research Centre , Manesar, Haryana 122052 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417543144700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1116","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in the pathogenesis of human disease","volume":"5","author":"Cook","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. 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