{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:30:37Z","timestamp":1790883037596,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Periodontitis (PD) is a common dysbiotic inflammatory disease that leads to local bone deterioration and tooth loss. PD patients experience low-grade bacteremias with oral microbes implicated in the risk of heart disease, cancer, and kidney failure. Although Th17 effectors are vital to fighting infection, functional imbalance of Th17 effectors and regulatory T cells (Tregs) promote inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated, in a small pilot randomized clinical trial, whether expansion of inflammatory blood myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) and conversion of Tregs to Th17 cells could be modulated with antibiotics (AB) as part of initial therapy in PD patients. PD patients were randomly assigned to either 7 d of peroral metronidazole\/amoxicillin AB treatment or no AB, along with standard care debridement and chlorhexidine mouthwash. 16s ribosomal RNA analysis of keystone pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and its consortium members Fusobacterium nucleatum and Streptococcus gordonii confirmed the presence of all three species in the reservoirs (subgingival pockets and blood DCs) of PD patients before treatment. Of the three species, P. gingivalis was reduced in both reservoirs 4\u20136 wk after therapy. Further, the frequency of CD1C+CCR6+ myeloid DCs and IL-1R1 expression on IL-17A+FOXP3+CD4+ T cells in PD patients were reduced to healthy control levels. The latter led to decreased IL-1\u03b2\u2013stimulated Treg plasticity in PD patients and improvement in clinical measures of PD. Overall, we identified an important, albeit short-term, beneficial role of AB therapy in reducing inflammatory DCs and Treg\u2013Th17 plasticity in humans with PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T22:00:35Z","timestamp":1554328835000},"page":"2690-2699","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Systemic Antibiotic Therapy Reduces Circulating Inflammatory Dendritic Cells and Treg\u2013Th17 Plasticity in Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"202","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6112-2234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mythilypriya","family":"Rajendran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, GA 30912"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Looney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University , Augusta, GA 30912"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2540-6990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nagendra","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University , Augusta, GA 30912"},{"name":"Cancer Research Center, Augusta University , Augusta, GA 30912"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Elashiry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, GA 30912"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2344-3579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed M","family":"Meghil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, GA 30912"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed R","family":"El-Awady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research, Immunology Program, Children's Cancer Hospital , Cairo 57357 ,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omnia","family":"Tawfik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Cairo University , Cairo 12613 ,","place":["Egypt"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiano","family":"Susin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, NC 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4721-4722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger M","family":"Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, GA 30912"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4396-4072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher W","family":"Cutler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University , Augusta, GA 30912"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417561863500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2009.0864","article-title":"The oral microbial consortium\u2019s interaction with the periodontal innate defense system","volume":"28","author":"Darveau","year":"2009","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025030417561863500_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2005.00107.x","article-title":"Periodontal microbial ecology","volume":"38","author":"Socransky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"2025030417561863500_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12010","article-title":"Lessons learned and unlearned in periodontal microbiology","volume":"62","author":"Teles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Periodontol. 2000"},{"key":"2025030417561863500_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.06.017","article-title":"Complement and periodontitis","volume":"80","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. 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