{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:52:40Z","timestamp":1789429960713,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe respiratory tract infection in infants and young children, but no vaccine is currently available. Live-attenuated vaccines represent an attractive immunization approach; however, balancing attenuation while retaining sufficient immunogenicity and efficacy has prevented the successful development of such a vaccine. Recently, a recombinant RSV strain lacking the gene that encodes the matrix (M) protein (RSV M-null) was developed. The M protein is required for virion assembly following infection of a host cell but is not necessary for either genome replication or gene expression. Therefore, infection with RSV M-null produces all viral proteins except M but does not generate infectious virus progeny, resulting in a single-cycle infection. We evaluated RSV M-null as a potential vaccine candidate by determining its pathogenicity, immunogenicity, and protective capacity in BALB\/c mice compared with its recombinant wild-type control virus (RSV recWT). RSV M-null\u2013infected mice exhibited significantly reduced lung viral titers, weight loss, and pulmonary dysfunction compared with mice infected with RSV recWT. Despite its attenuation, RSV M-null infection induced robust immune responses of similar magnitude to that elicited by RSV recWT. Additionally, RSV M-null infection generated serum Ab and memory T cell responses that were similar to those induced by RSV recWT. Importantly, RSV M-null immunization provided protection against secondary viral challenge by reducing lung viral titers as efficiently as immunization with RSV recWT. Overall, our results indicate that RSV M-null combines attenuation with high immunogenicity and efficacy and represents a promising novel live-attenuated RSV vaccine candidate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,19]],"date-time":"2019-04-19T19:25:14Z","timestamp":1555701914000},"page":"3234-3245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Vaccination with a Single-Cycle Respiratory Syncytial Virus Is Immunogenic and Protective in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"202","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0434-6626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan E","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonius G P","family":"Oomens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, OK 74078"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7332-4290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven M","family":"Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA 52242"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417562347900_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60206-1","article-title":"Global burden of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"375","author":"Nair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025030417562347900_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30938-8","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in young children in 2015: a systematic review and modelling study","volume":"390","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025030417562347900_r3","first-page":"543","article-title":"Risk of primary infection and reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"140","author":"Glezen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. 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