{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:27:13Z","timestamp":1782271633311,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Growing evidence suggests the outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is established rapidly after exposure, but how the current tuberculosis vaccine, bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG), impacts early immunity is poorly understood. In this study, we found that murine BCG immunization promotes a dramatic shift in infected cell types. Although alveolar macrophages are the major infected cell for the first 2 weeks in unimmunized animals, BCG promotes the accelerated recruitment and infection of lung-infiltrating phagocytes. Interestingly, this shift is dependent on CD4 T cells, yet does not require intrinsic recognition of Ag presented by infected alveolar macrophages. M. tuberculosis\u2013specific T cells are first activated in lung regions devoid of infected cells, and these events precede vaccine-induced reduction of the bacterial burden, which occurs only after the colocalization of T cells and infected cells. Understanding how BCG alters early immune responses to M. tuberculosis provides new avenues to improve upon the immunity it confers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,15]],"date-time":"2019-07-15T20:45:12Z","timestamp":1563223512000},"page":"807-812","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Cutting Edge: Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin\u2013Induced T Cells Shape <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> Infection before Reducing the Bacterial Burden"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"203","author":[{"given":"Jared L","family":"Delahaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, WA 98109"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, WA 98109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0142-5970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin H","family":"Gern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, WA 98109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7850-3498","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara B","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, WA 98109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7142-4394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Courtney R","family":"Plumlee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, WA 98109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahin","family":"Shafiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, WA 98109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5406-8308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Y","family":"Gerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, WA 98109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin B","family":"Urdahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seattle Children\u2019s Research Institute , Seattle, WA 98109"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, WA 98109"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine , Seattle, WA 98109"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417540956500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68507-3","article-title":"Effect of BCG vaccination on childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis worldwide: a meta-analysis and assessment of cost-effectiveness","volume":"367","author":"Trunz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit790","article-title":"Protection by BCG vaccine against tuberculosis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"58","author":"Mangtani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r3","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2018","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60177-4","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of MVA85A, a new tuberculosis vaccine, in infants previously vaccinated with BCG: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial","volume":"381","author":"Tameris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2006.02.001","article-title":"Beneficial non-targeted effects of BCG--ethical implications for the coming introduction of new TB vaccines","volume":"86","author":"Roth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb.)"},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1086\/422394","article-title":"Immune response to postprimary tuberculosis in mice: Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Miycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin induce equal protection","volume":"190","author":"Mollenkopf","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8235","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008235","article-title":"Immunization of mice with a recombinant adenovirus vaccine inhibits the early growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis after infection","volume":"4","author":"Ronan","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4634","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00517-06","article-title":"Intranasal boosting with an adenovirus-vectored vaccine markedly enhances protection by parenteral Mycobacterium bovis BCG immunization against pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"74","author":"Santosuosso","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20080353","article-title":"Delayed protection by ESAT-6-specific effector CD4+ T cells after airborne M. tuberculosis infection","volume":"205","author":"Gallegos","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1091","article-title":"Superinfecting mycobacteria home to established tuberculous granulomas","volume":"5","author":"Cosma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.07.011","article-title":"Histo-cytometry: a method for highly multiplex quantitative tissue imaging analysis applied to dendritic cell subset microanatomy in lymph nodes","volume":"37","author":"Gerner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.08.001","article-title":"Alveolar macrophages provide an early Mycobacterium tuberculosis niche and initiate dissemination","volume":"24","author":"Cohen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20172020","article-title":"Growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo segregates with host macrophage metabolism and ontogeny","volume":"215","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12799","article-title":"Mycobacteria manipulate macrophage recruitment through coordinated use of membrane lipids","volume":"505","author":"Cambier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700257","article-title":"Biased generation and in situ activation of lung tissue-resident memory CD4 T cells in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma","volume":"200","author":"Turner","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r16","first-page":"ee00824","article-title":"Gamma interferon-regulated chemokines in Leishmania donovani infection in the liver","volume":"85","author":"Murray","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7797","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800928105","article-title":"T cell receptor signaling controls Foxp3 expression via PI3K, Akt, and mTOR","volume":"105","author":"Sauer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.12.003","article-title":"Antigen export reduces antigen presentation and limits T cell control of M. tuberculosis","volume":"19","author":"Srivastava","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301236","article-title":"Cutting edge: direct recognition of infected cells by CD4 T cells is required for control of intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo","volume":"191","author":"Srivastava","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.05.015","article-title":"CD4+ T cells rely on a cytokine gradient to control intracellular pathogens beyond sites of antigen presentation","volume":"37","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025030417540956500_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aaw6693","article-title":"Alveolar macrophages generate a non-canonical NRF2-driven transcriptional response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vivo","author":"Rothchild","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/203\/4\/807\/61887998\/ji1900108.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/203\/4\/807\/61887998\/ji1900108.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T19:05:03Z","timestamp":1741115103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/203\/4\/807\/7952353"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1900108","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}}}