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While investigating mouse iNKT cell responses to \u03b1-GalCer in vivo, we found a dramatically enlarged tissue-resident population surprisingly coexpressing select dendritic cell, NK cell, and B cell markers. Further phenotypic and functional analyses revealed the identity of this B220+CD11c+MHC class II+NK1.1+ population as precursors to mature NK (pre-mNK) cells, which also expressed high levels of proliferation and tissue retention markers but diminished sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1, a receptor that facilitates tissue trafficking. Accordingly, FTY720, a sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 antagonist, failed to prevent pre-mNK cells\u2019 intrahepatic accumulation. We found iNKT cell\u2013driven expansion of pre-mNK cells to be dependent on IL-12 and IL-18. Although \u03b1-GalCer\u2013transactivated pre-mNK cells lost their capacity to process a model tumor Ag, they selectively expressed granzyme A and directly lysed YAC-1 thymoma cells through granule exocytosis. They also contributed to \u03b22 microglobulin\u2013deficient target cell destruction in vivo. Therefore, \u03b1-GalCer treatment skewed pre-mNK cell responses away from an APC-like phenotype and toward killer cell\u2013like functions. Finally, the ability of \u03b1-GalCer to reduce the pulmonary metastatic burden of B16-F10 mouse melanoma was partially reversed by in vivo depletion of pre-mNK cells. To our knowledge, our findings shed new light on iNKT cells\u2019 mechanism of action and glycolipid-based immunotherapies. Therefore, we introduce pre-mNK cells as a novel downstream effector cell type whose anticancer properties may have been overlooked in previous investigations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,28]],"date-time":"2019-08-28T22:06:41Z","timestamp":1567030001000},"page":"1808-1819","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Glycolipid Stimulation of Invariant NKT Cells Expands a Unique Tissue-Resident Population of Precursors to Mature NK Cells Endowed with Oncolytic and Antimetastatic Properties"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"203","author":[{"given":"Joshua","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University , London, Ontario N6A 5C1 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick T","family":"Rudak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University , London, Ontario N6A 5C1 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0968-2795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvie","family":"Lesage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal , Montreal, Quebec H1T 2M4 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1125-8176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S M Mansour","family":"Haeryfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University , London, Ontario N6A 5C1 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Western University , London, Ontario N6A 5A5 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Western University , London, Ontario N6A 5A5 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Centre for Human Immunology, Western University , London, Ontario N6A 5C1 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417542830700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.3.1097","article-title":"An invariant T cell receptor alpha chain is used by a unique subset of major histocompatibility complex class I-specific CD4+ and CD4-8- T cells in mice and humans","volume":"180","author":"Lantz","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. 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