{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:59:08Z","timestamp":1790233148279,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]],"date-time":"2019-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>NK cells are essential for controlling viral infections. We investigated NK cell and innate lymphoid cell (ILC) dynamics and function in rhesus macaque rectal tissue and blood following mucosal priming with replicating adenovirus (Ad)\u2013SIV recombinants, systemic boosting with SIV envelope protein, and subsequent repeated low-dose intravaginal SIV exposures. Mucosal memory-like NK and ILC subsets in rectal and vaginal tissues of chronically infected macaques were also evaluated. No differences in NK cell or ILC frequencies or cytokine production were seen between vaccinated and Ad-empty\/alum controls, suggesting responses were due to the Ad-vector and alum vaccine components. Mucosal NKp44+ ILCs increased postvaccination and returned to prelevels postinfection. The vaccine regimen induced mucosal SIV-specific Ab, which mediated Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and was correlated with mucosal NKp44+CD16+ ILCs. Postvaccination NKp44+ and NKp44+IL-17+ ILC frequencies were associated with delayed SIV acquisition and decreased viremia. In chronically SIV-infected animals, NKp44+ ILCs negatively correlated with viral load, further suggesting a protective effect, whereas, NKG2A\u2212 NKp44\u2212 double-negative ILCs positively correlated with viral load, indicating a pathogenic role. No such associations of circulating NK cells were seen. \u0394\u03b3 NK cells in mucosal tissues of chronically infected animals exhibited impaired cytokine production compared with non-\u0394\u03b3 NK cells but responded to anti-gp120 Ab and Gag peptides, whereas non-\u0394\u03b3 NK cells did not. Mucosal \u0394\u03b3 NKp44+ and \u0394\u03b3 DN cells were similarly associated with protection and disease progression, respectively. Thus, the data suggest NKp44+ ILCs and \u0394\u03b3 cells contribute to SIV infection outcomes. Vaccines that promote mucosal NKp44+ and suppress double-negative ILCs are likely desirable.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900572","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T16:35:23Z","timestamp":1569429323000},"page":"2459-2471","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Differential Effect of Mucosal NKp44+ Innate Lymphoid Cells and \u0394\u03b3 Cells on Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Outcome in Rhesus Macaques"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"203","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6120-8943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Arif","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun-Ju","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gospel","family":"Enyindah-Asonye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Helmold Hait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8143-3435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Hogge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Hunegnaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Venzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjorie","family":"Robert-Guroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417543904800_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3489","article-title":"Innate lymphoid cells as regulators of immunity, inflammation and tissue homeostasis","volume":"17","author":"Klose","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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