{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:58:47Z","timestamp":1790780327459,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM113123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM113123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Allergic asthma (AA) is characterized as a Th2-biased airway inflammation that can develop lung inflammation and remodeling of the respiratory tract. Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major respiratory pathogen, causing noninvasive (otitis media and pneumonia) and invasive diseases (sepsis) in humans. We sought to determine the role of IL-6 in the regulation of lung inflammation in murine AA caused by Aspergillus fumigatus as well as its consequence on the regulation of airway barrier integrity and S. pneumoniae disease. In an AA model, IL-6 deficiency led to increased lung inflammation, eosinophil recruitment, tissue pathology, and collagen deposition. Additionally, IL-6\u2013deficient asthmatic mice exhibited reduced goblet cell hyperplasia and increased TGF-\u03b2 production. These key changes in the lungs of IL-6\u2013deficient asthmatic mice resulted in dysregulated tight junction proteins and increased lung permeability. Whereas the host response to AA protected against S. pneumoniae lung disease, the IL-6 deficiency abrogated the protective effect of allergic inflammation against S. pneumoniae pathogenesis. Consistent with in vivo data, IL-6 knockdown by small interfering RNA or the blockade of IL-6R signaling exacerbated the TGF-\u03b2\u2013induced dysregulation of tight junction proteins, E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression, and STAT3 phosphorylation in MLE-12 epithelial cells. Our findings demonstrate a previously unrecognized role of host IL-6 response in the regulation of lung inflammation during AA and the control of S. pneumoniae bacterial disease. A better understanding of the interactions between lung inflammation and barrier framework could lead to the development of therapies to control asthma inflammation and preserve barrier integrity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T19:42:08Z","timestamp":1592250128000},"page":"469-479","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["IL-6 Deficiency Exacerbates Allergic Asthma and Abrogates the Protective Effect of Allergic Inflammation against <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i> Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"205","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7637-1110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taylor","family":"Schmit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6890-954X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumit","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital , Columbus, Ohio 43215"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram Kumar","family":"Mathur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5651-0294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tyler","family":"Barnhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4491-8513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ganesh","family":"Ambigapathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin","family":"Combs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Nadeem","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota , Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417504259300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016295","article-title":"IL-6 in inflammation, immunity, and disease","volume":"6","author":"Tanaka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43829","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43829","article-title":"IL-6 ameliorates acute lung injury in influenza virus infection","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201243018","article-title":"Interleukin-6 limits influenza-induced inflammation and protects against fatal lung pathology","volume":"43","author":"Lauder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6816","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.10.6816","article-title":"IL-6-dependent mucosal protection prevents establishment of a microbial niche for attaching\/effacing lesion-forming enteric bacterial pathogens","volume":"180","author":"Dann","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.2","article-title":"Essential role of IL-6 in protection against H1N1 influenza virus by promoting neutrophil survival in the lung","volume":"5","author":"Dienz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1994.tb00275.x","article-title":"Interactions between respiratory epithelial cells and cytokines: relationships to lung inflammation","volume":"725","author":"Adler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00141514","article-title":"The innate immune function of airway epithelial cells in inflammatory lung disease","volume":"45","author":"Hiemstra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02275","article-title":"Role of inflammatory risk factors in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"9","author":"Sohail","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-016-1917-3","article-title":"Tight junctions in pulmonary epithelia during lung inflammation","volume":"469","author":"Wittekindt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00530-16","article-title":"Protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae invasive pathogenesis by a protein-based vaccine is achieved by suppression of nasopharyngeal bacterial density during influenza A virus coinfection","volume":"85","author":"Khan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-015-0561-x","article-title":"Allergic inflammation in Aspergillus fumigatus-induced fungal asthma","volume":"15","author":"Ghosh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13057","article-title":"An early innate response underlies severe influenza-induced exacerbations of asthma in a novel steroid-insensitive and anti-IL-5-responsive mouse model","volume":"72","author":"Ravanetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2015-0405OC","article-title":"Human and mouse eosinophils have antiviral activity against parainfluenza virus","volume":"55","author":"Drake","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6533","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.12.6533-6542.1999","article-title":"The pspC gene of Streptococcus pneumoniae encodes a polymorphic protein, PspC, which elicits cross-reactive antibodies to PspA and provides immunity to pneumococcal bacteremia","volume":"67","author":"Brooks-Walter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2884","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102488","article-title":"Analysis of NLRP3 in the development of allergic airway disease in mice","volume":"188","author":"Allen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-delta delta C(T)) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067141","article-title":"Identification of a functionally distinct truncated BDNF mRNA splice variant and protein in Trachemys scripta elegans","volume":"8","author":"Ambigapathy","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200138","article-title":"\u03bc-chain-deficient mice possess B-1 cells and produce IgG and IgE, but not IgA, following systemic sensitization and inhalational challenge in a fungal asthma model","volume":"189","author":"Ghosh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802923","article-title":"IL-6 is required for airway mucus production induced by inhaled fungal allergens","volume":"183","author":"Neveu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1159\/000455857","article-title":"Inflammation: a double-edged sword in the response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2014.45","article-title":"Regulatory T cells and immune regulation of allergic diseases: roles of IL-10 and TGF-\u03b2","volume":"15","author":"Palomares","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1255354","article-title":"Macrophages: master regulators of inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"30","author":"Wynn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.2174\/187152808786848388","article-title":"TGF-beta, eosinophils and IL-13 in allergic airway remodeling: a critical appraisal with therapeutic considerations","volume":"7","author":"Fattouh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inflamm. Allergy Drug Targets"},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2017.03.007","article-title":"Disruption of the epithelial barrier during intestinal inflammation: quest for new molecules and mechanisms","volume":"1864","author":"Lechuga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Cell Res."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.07.008","article-title":"Inflammation and the intestinal barrier: leukocyte-epithelial cell interactions, cell junction remodeling, and mucosal repair","volume":"151","author":"Luissint","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5764","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208927","article-title":"TGF-beta and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions","volume":"24","author":"Zavadil","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3677","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.023887","article-title":"Tight junctions at a glance","volume":"121","author":"Balda","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz193","article-title":"Double-edged role of interleukin 17A in Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogenesis during influenza virus coinfection","volume":"220","author":"Ambigapathy","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23898","article-title":"Maternal immune activation promotes hippocampal kindling epileptogenesis in mice","volume":"74","author":"Pineda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.09.005","article-title":"Host-derived MCP-1 and MIP-1\u03b1 regulate protective anti-tumor immunity to localized and metastatic B16 melanoma","volume":"180","author":"Nakasone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30972","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.181164","article-title":"Alveolar epithelial cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. [Published erratum appears in 2015 J. Biol. Chem. 290: 3277.]","volume":"286","author":"Tanjore","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-6-56","article-title":"TGF-beta1 induces human alveolar epithelial to mesenchymal cell transition (EMT)","volume":"6","author":"Kasai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4302","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.773085","article-title":"Transforming growth Factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) directly activates the JAK1-STAT3 Axis to induce hepatic fibrosis in coordination with the SMAD pathway","volume":"292","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00074705","article-title":"The link between fungi and severe asthma: a summary of the evidence","volume":"27","author":"Denning","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3641","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1409781111","article-title":"IL-6\/STAT3 promotes regeneration of airway ciliated cells from basal stem cells","volume":"111","author":"Tadokoro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2011.01.034","article-title":"The pro- and anti-inflammatory properties of the cytokine interleukin-6","volume":"1813","author":"Scheller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2009.115","article-title":"Eosinophils and Th2 immunity: contemporary insights","volume":"88","author":"Spencer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2013.00046","article-title":"Eosinophilic inflammation in allergic asthma","volume":"4","author":"Possa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5829","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.10.5829","article-title":"The absence of IL-6 does not affect Th2 cell development in vivo, but does lead to impaired proliferation, IL-2 receptor expression, and B cell responses","volume":"162","author":"La Flamme","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.4874","article-title":"Role of IL-6 in asthma and other inflammatory pulmonary diseases","volume":"8","author":"Rincon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.2210007","volume-title":"Alveolar Macrophages: Wielding the Double-Edged Sword of Inflammation.","author":"Rubins","year":"2003"},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200607-1038OC","article-title":"Stimulation of lung innate immunity protects against lethal pneumococcal pneumonia in mice","volume":"177","author":"Clement","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200507-1034OC","article-title":"Mast cells protect mice from Mycoplasma pneumonia","volume":"173","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r44","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Methods Mol Biol.","author":"Strengert","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1600787","article-title":"Eosinophils promote antiviral immunity in mice infected with influenza A virus","volume":"198","author":"Samarasinghe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00196-2017","article-title":"Macrophage dysfunction in the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma","volume":"50","author":"Fricker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.4.8616577","article-title":"Balance between alveolar macrophage IL-6 and TGF-beta in lung-transplant recipients","volume":"153","author":"Magnan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L295","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00134.2010","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 regulates Nox4, MnSOD and catalase expression, and IL-6 release in airway smooth muscle cells","volume":"300","author":"Michaeloudes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.5.2623","article-title":"The JAK-STAT signaling pathway: input and output integration","volume":"178","author":"Murray","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2014.2310","article-title":"JAK\/STAT3 signaling is required for TGF-\u03b2-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cells","volume":"44","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.193482","article-title":"The mucosal barrier at a glance","volume":"130","author":"France","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114195","article-title":"IL-6 stimulates intestinal epithelial proliferation and repair after injury","volume":"9","author":"Kuhn","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/oncsis.2016.71","article-title":"Classic IL-6R signalling is dispensable for intestinal epithelial proliferation and repair","volume":"5","author":"Aden","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncogenesis"},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6191","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.10.6191","article-title":"Airway epithelial STAT3 is required for allergic inflammation in a murine model of asthma","volume":"178","author":"Simeone-Penney","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417504259300_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.13952","article-title":"STAT3 in epithelial cells regulates inflammation and tumor progression to malignant state in colon","volume":"15","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neoplasia"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/205\/2\/469\/61879255\/ji1900755.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/205\/2\/469\/61879255\/ji1900755.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T17:57:53Z","timestamp":1741111073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/205\/2\/469\/7930762"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1900755","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}}}