{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T17:56:27Z","timestamp":1793642187320,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Helminth infections are known to influence T and B cell responses in latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Whether helminth infections also modulate monocyte responses in helminth\u2013LTBI coinfection has not been fully explored. To this end, we examined the activation, polarization, and function of human monocytes isolated from individuals with LTBI with (n = 25) or without (n = 25) coincident Strongyloides stercoralis infection (S. stercoralis\u2013positive and S. stercoralis\u2013negative respectively). Our data reveal that the presence of S. stercoralis infection is associated with lower frequencies of monocytes expressing CD54, CD80, CD86 at baseline (absence of stimulation) and in response to mycobacterial-Ag stimulation than monocytes from S. stercoralis\u2013negative individuals. In contrast, S. stercoralis infection was associated with higher frequencies of M2-like monocytes, as determined by expression of CD206 and CD163. Monocytes from S. stercoralis\u2013positive individuals had a reduced capacity to phagocytose or exhibit respiratory burst activity following mycobacterial-Ag or LPS stimulation and were less capable of expression of IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, and IL-12 at baseline and\/or following Ag stimulation compared with those without S. stercoralis infection. In addition, definitive treatment of S. stercoralis infection resulted in a significant reversal of the altered monocyte function 6 mo after anthelmintic therapy. Finally, T cells from S. stercoralis\u2013positive individuals exhibited significantly lower activation at baseline or following mycobacterial-Ag stimulation. Therefore, our data highlight the induction of dampened monocyte activation, enhanced M2 polarization, and impaired monocyte function in helminth\u2013LTBI coinfection. Our data also reveal a different mechanism by which helminth infection modulates immune function in LTBI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1901127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]],"date-time":"2020-01-17T21:54:16Z","timestamp":1579298056000},"page":"1274-1286","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Helminth Coinfection Alters Monocyte Activation, Polarization, and Function in Latent <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"204","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8143-5502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuradha","family":"Rajamanickam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health\u2014National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis\u2014International Center for Excellence in Research , Chennai 600031 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saravanan","family":"Munisankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health\u2014National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis\u2014International Center for Excellence in Research , Chennai 600031 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandrakumar","family":"Dolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis , Chennai 600031 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep A","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis , Chennai 600031 ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6887-4941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas B","family":"Nutman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9783-8042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subash","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health\u2014National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis\u2014International Center for Excellence in Research , Chennai 600031 ,","place":["India"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417510926300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0016-2016","article-title":"Human immunology of tuberculosis","author":"Scriba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbiol. 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