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In this study, we found IL-37 were substantially downregulated in the serum and PBMCs of MG patients compared with healthy controls. The lower IL-37 was associated with severer disease (quantitative MG score) and higher follicular Th (Tfh)\/Tfh17 and B cell numbers. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that IL-37 was mainly produced by CD4+ T cells without overlapping with Th1, Th17, and Tfh subsets in MG patients. Regulatory IL-37+ T cell rarely expressed Foxp3 and CD25 but produced numerous IL-4. Tfh and B cell expressed high levels of SIGIRR, the receptor of IL-37, in MG patients. Mechanically, IL-37 directly bond to SIGIRR, repressed the proliferation, cytokine production of Tfh and B cells, and the secretion of autoantibody via inhibition of STAT3 signaling in Tfh and B cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1901176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T21:35:19Z","timestamp":1582925719000},"page":"1736-1745","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["IL-37 Represses the Autoimmunity in Myasthenia Gravis via Directly Targeting Follicular Th and B Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Zhuo","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School and the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Institute of Brain Sciences, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory 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Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingping","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing 210008 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