{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:01:48Z","timestamp":1790355708992,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1852,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Plasmid DNA is a promising vaccine platform that together with electroporation can elicit significant systemic Ab responses; however, immunity at mucosal sites remains low. In this study, we sought to program T and B cells to home to the gastrointestinal and vaginal mucosae using genetic chemokine adjuvants and assessed their impact on immune homeostasis in various distinct immune compartments. BALB\/c mice were immunized i.m. with plasmid DNA encoding a model Ag HIV-1 Env gp140 and selected chemokines\/cytokine and boosted intravaginally with gp140 recombinant protein. Isolated splenocytes, intestinal lymphocytes, and genital lymphocytes as well as serum and intestinal luminal contents were assessed for Ag-specific reactivity. In addition, flow cytometric analysis was performed to determine the impact on immune homeostasis at these sites. Different molecular chemokine\/cytokine adjuvants effected significant alterations to the recruitment of B and T cells to the spleen, vaginal and intestinal mucosae, for example CCL25 enhanced splenic and vaginal Ag-specific T cell responses whereas CCL28 increased the levels of specific T cells only in the vaginal mucosa. The levels of Ab could be modulated in the systemic circulation, as well as the vaginal vault and intestinal lumen, with CCL20 playing a central role. Our data demonstrate that the CCL20, CCL25, and CCL28 genetic chemokine adjuvants enhance the vaccine Ag-specific humoral and cellular responses and induce homing to the intestinal and female genital mucosae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1901184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,8]],"date-time":"2020-01-08T20:25:13Z","timestamp":1578515113000},"page":"903-913","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Chemokine-Adjuvanted Plasmid DNA Induces Homing of Antigen-Specific and Non\u2013Antigen-Specific B and T Cells to the Intestinal and Genital Mucosae"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"204","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9831-9391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoann","family":"Aldon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , London W2 1PG ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0446-2371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Kratochvil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , London W2 1PG ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin J","family":"Shattock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , London W2 1PG ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5195-6254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul F","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Imperial College London , London W2 1PG ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417510748000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1005","article-title":"Entry of viruses through the epithelial barrier: pathogenic trickery","volume":"4","author":"Bomsel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. 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