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When this barrier is broken, cecal content overflows into the peritoneal cavity, leading to local and systemic robust inflammatory response, characterizing peritonitis and sepsis. It has been shown that IL-1\u03b2 contributes with inflammatory storm during peritonitis and sepsis and its inhibition has beneficial effects to the host. Therefore, we investigated the mechanisms underlying IL-1\u03b2 secretion using a widely adopted murine model of experimental peritonitis. The combined injection of sterile cecal content (SCC) and the gut commensal bacteria Bacteroides fragilis leads to IL-1\u03b2\u2013dependent peritonitis, which was mitigated in mice deficient in NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3) inflammasome components. Typically acting as a damage signal, SCC, but not B. fragilis, activates canonical pathway of NLRP3 promoting IL-1\u03b2 secretion in vitro and in vivo. Strikingly, absence of fiber in the SCC drastically reduces IL-1\u03b2 production, whereas high-fiber SCC conversely increases this response in an NLRP3-dependent manner. In addition, NLRP3 was also required for IL-1\u03b2 production induced by purified dietary fiber in primed macrophages. Extending to the in vivo context, IL-1\u03b2\u2013dependent peritonitis was worsened in mice injected with B. fragilis and high-fiber SCC, whereas zero-fiber SCC ameliorates the pathology. Corroborating with the proinflammatory role of dietary fiber, IL-1R\u2013deficient mice were protected from peritonitis induced by B. fragilis and particulate bran. Overall, our study highlights a function, previously unknown, for dietary fibers in fueling peritonitis through NLRP3 activation and IL-1\u03b2 secretion outside the gut.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,3]],"date-time":"2021-05-03T14:32:10Z","timestamp":1620052330000},"page":"2441-2452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Dietary Fiber Drives IL-1\u03b2\u2013Dependent Peritonitis Induced by\n                    <i>Bacteroides fragilis<\/i>\n                    via Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"Jennings-Almeida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana P","family":"Castelpoggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erivan S","family":"Ramos-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunologia Molecular e Celular, Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Dental College of Georgia, Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliane de Oliveira","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro 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Rio de Janeiro ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9814-340X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aline C A","family":"Moreira-Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunofisiologia, Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliana","family":"Mari\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles R","family":"Mackay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7856-7512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario S","family":"Zamboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patog\u00eanicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo , Ribeir\u00e3o Preto ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3360-2740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Bellio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de G\u00f3es, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro 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