{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:26:46Z","timestamp":1790627206909,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"R\u00e9gion Occitanie","award":["CLE14054132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CLE14054132"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Alterations in the \u03b3\u03b4 T cell compartment have been reported in immunocompromised individuals infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV)\u2013g3. We now report the analysis of blood \u03b3\u03b4 T cells from acutely HEV-infected individuals in the absence of immunosuppression. In these patients, non-V\u03b42 (ND2) \u03b3\u03b4 T cells outnumbered otherwise predominant V\u03b42 cells selectively in human CMV (HCMV)-seropositive patients and were higher than in HCMVpos controls, mimicking HCMV reactivation, whereas their serum was PCR-negative for HCMV. Stimulation of their lymphocytes with HEV-infected hepatocarcinoma cells led to an HEV-specific response in \u03b3\u03b4 subsets of HCMVpos individuals. HEV infection was associated with a lowered expression of TIGIT, LAG-3, and CD160 immune checkpoint markers on ND2 effector memory cells in HCMVneg but not in HCMVpos HEV patients. \u03b3\u03b4 cell lines, predominantly ND2, were generated from patients after coculture with hepatocarcinoma cells permissive to HEV and IL-2\/12\/18. Upon restimulation with HEV-infected or uninfected cells and selected cytokines, these cell lines produced IFN-\u03b3 and IL-10, the latter being induced by IL-12 in IFN-\u03b3\u2013producing cells and upregulated by HEV and IL-18. They were also capable of suppressing the proliferation of CD3\/CD28\u2013activated CD4 cells in transwell experiments. Importantly, IL-10 was detected in the plasma of 10 of 10 HCMVpos HEV patients but rarely in controls or HCMVneg HEV patients, implying that \u03b3\u03b4 cells are probably involved in IL-10 production at the acute phase of infection. Our data indicate that HEV mobilizes a pool of ND2 memory cells in HCMV carriers, promoting the development of an immunoregulatory environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,22]],"date-time":"2021-01-22T15:36:01Z","timestamp":1611329761000},"page":"1027-1038","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mobilization of \u03b3\u03b4 T Cells and IL-10 Production at the Acute Phase of Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Cytomegalovirus Carriers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Hugo","family":"Barragu\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , F-31024 Toulouse ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan , INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Fontaine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , F-31024 Toulouse ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan , INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Abravanel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan , INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"CHU Toulouse, H\u00f4spital Purpan, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence H\u00e9patite E , F-31059 Toulouse ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Maur\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan , INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marie","family":"P\u00e9ron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le Hospitalo-Universitaire des Maladies de l\u2019Appareil Digestif, H\u00f4spital Rangueil , F-31059 Toulouse ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Alric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P\u00f4le Hospitalo-Universitaire des Maladies de l\u2019Appareil Digestif, H\u00f4spital Rangueil , F-31059 Toulouse ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Dubois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Toulouse, H\u00f4spital Purpan, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence H\u00e9patite E , F-31059 Toulouse ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Izopet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , F-31024 Toulouse ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan , INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"CHU Toulouse, H\u00f4spital Purpan, Laboratoire de Virologie, Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence H\u00e9patite E , F-31059 Toulouse ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8852-0734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Champagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier , F-31024 Toulouse ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan , INSERM-U1043, CNRS-UMR5282, F-31024 Toulouse ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030501571330500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00057-13","article-title":"Hepatitis E virus infection","volume":"27","author":"Kamar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. 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