{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T20:40:06Z","timestamp":1783716006855,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI130133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI130133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Eosinophils develop in the bone marrow from hematopoietic progenitors into mature cells capable of a plethora of immunomodulatory roles via the choreographed process of eosinophilopoiesis. However, the gene regulatory elements and transcription factors (TFs) orchestrating this process remain largely unknown. The potency and resulting diversity fundamental to an eosinophil\u2019s complex immunomodulatory functions and tissue specialization likely result from dynamic epigenetic regulation of the eosinophil genome, a dynamic eosinophil regulome. In this study, we applied a global approach using broad-range, next-generation sequencing to identify a repertoire of eosinophil-specific enhancers. We identified over 8200 active enhancers located within 1\u201320 kB of expressed eosinophil genes. TF binding motif analysis revealed PU.1 (Spi1) motif enrichment in eosinophil enhancers, and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with massively parallel sequencing confirmed PU.1 binding in likely enhancers of genes highly expressed in eosinophils. A substantial proportion (&amp;gt;25%) of these PU.1-bound enhancers were unique to murine, culture-derived eosinophils when compared among enhancers of highly expressed genes of three closely related myeloid cell subsets (macrophages, neutrophils, and immature granulocytes). Gene ontology analysis of eosinophil-specific, PU.1-bound enhancers revealed enrichment for genes involved in migration, proliferation, degranulation, and survival. Furthermore, eosinophil-specific superenhancers were enriched in genes whose homologs are associated with risk loci for eosinophilia and allergic diseases. Our collective data identify eosinophil-specific enhancers regulating key eosinophil genes through epigenetic mechanisms (H3K27 acetylation) and TF binding (PU.1).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T15:10:45Z","timestamp":1627657845000},"page":"1044-1054","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Epigenetic Analysis of the Chromatin Landscape Identifies a Repertoire of Murine Eosinophil-Specific PU.1-Bound Enhancers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"207","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5004-0794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer M","family":"Felton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7470-4903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sushmitha","family":"Vallabh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sreeja","family":"Parameswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0326-2829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee E","family":"Edsall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Wronowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6957-8044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astha","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kotliar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7977-9122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew T","family":"Weirauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH"},{"name":"Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH"},{"name":"Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1861-5316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artem","family":"Barski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH"},{"name":"Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia C","family":"Fulkerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc E","family":"Rothenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, OH"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine , Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025022610315345300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00302","article-title":"Eosinophils in the lung - 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Immunol."},{"key":"2025022610315345300_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3279","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI85664","article-title":"Lung-resident eosinophils represent a distinct regulatory eosinophil subset","volume":"126","author":"Mesnil","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025022610315345300_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00101","article-title":"Homeostatic eosinophils: characteristics and functions","volume":"4","author":"Marichal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Med. (Lausanne)."},{"key":"2025022610315345300_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0404228","article-title":"Eosinophils function as antigen-presenting cells","volume":"76","author":"Shi","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. 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