{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:28:14Z","timestamp":1787030894995,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]],"date-time":"2020-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan","award":["17H04079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17H04079"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["19K08968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K08968"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18fk0108007h0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18fk0108007h0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recently, the efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccination is being reassessed in accordance with the achievements of clinical tuberculosis (TB) vaccine research. However, the mechanisms ultimately determining the success or failure of BCG vaccination to prevent pulmonary TB remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the protective effects of intradermal BCG vaccination by using specific pathogen\u2013free cynomolgus macaques of Asian origin that were intradermally vaccinated with BCG (Tokyo strain) followed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Erdman strain) infection. Intradermal BCG administration generated TB Ag-specific multifunctional CD4 T cell responses in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage and almost completely protected against the development of TB pathogenesis with aggravation of clinical parameters and high levels of bacterial burdens in extrapulmonary organs. However, interestingly, there were no differences in bacterial quantitation and pathology of extensive granulomas in the lungs between BCG-vaccinated monkeys and control animals. These results indicated that the changes in clinical parameters, immunological responses, and quantitative gross pathology that are used routinely to determine the efficacy of TB vaccines in nonhuman primate models might not correlate with the bacterial burden and histopathological score in the lung as measured in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,23]],"date-time":"2020-10-23T15:40:12Z","timestamp":1603467612000},"page":"3023-3036","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vaccination with Intradermal Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin Provides Robust Protection against Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis but Not Pulmonary Infection in Cynomolgus Macaques"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"205","author":[{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Tsujimura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical 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305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2904-3680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Murakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition , 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Kawano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition , 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Immunoregulation, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , 514-8507 Tsu, Mie ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Research and Development Department, Japan BCG Laboratory , 204-0022 Kiyose, Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8388-9527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natsuko","family":"Yamakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition , 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masamitsu N","family":"Asaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition , 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition , 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Research and Development Department, Japan BCG Laboratory , 204-0022 Kiyose, Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8252-1448","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Yasutomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Vaccine Research, Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition , 305-0843 Tsukuba, Ibaraki ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Immunoregulation, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine , 514-8507 Tsu, Mie 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