{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T09:31:18Z","timestamp":1778405478501,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BSCGIO 157841\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BSCGIO 157841\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract and other mucosal surfaces of humans and mice host a network of mononuclear phagocytes that differ in their ontogeny, surface marker and transcription factor expression, and functional specialization. Conventional dendritic cells (DCs) in particular exist as two major subpopulations in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs that can be distinguished based on their surface marker and transcription factor expression. In this study, we show in various Th1- and\/or Th17-polarized settings of acute and chronic bacterial infection and of tumor growth that the conditional ablation of Irf4 in CD11c+ DCs results in more efficient immune control of Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin, and Citrobacter rodentium and of tumor growth in a syngeneic tumor model. We attribute the phenotype of IRF4\u0394DC mice to unrestricted Th1 responses and in particular to IFN-\u03b3\u2013 and TNF-\u03b1\u2013expressing CD4+ T cells. This activity of IRF4-expressing DCs is linked to a DC-specific immunoregulatory transcriptional program. In contrast, in Th2-polarized settings such as house dust mite\u2013induced allergic airway inflammation, the lack of IRF4 expression in the DC compartment alleviates inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia. The combined data provide evidence for immunoregulatory properties of this versatile DC population in Th1-polarized infection settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,26]],"date-time":"2020-08-26T22:00:11Z","timestamp":1598479211000},"page":"1933-1943","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["IRF4 Expression Is Required for the Immunoregulatory Activity of Conventional Type 2 Dendritic Cells in Settings of Chronic Bacterial Infection and Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"205","author":[{"given":"Xiaozhou","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich , 8057 Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariela","family":"Artola-Boran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich , 8057 Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Fallegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich , 8057 Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isabelle C","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich , 8057 Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Achim","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich , 8057 Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University of Zurich , 8091 Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1784-0124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Reuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik , 45239 Essen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Taube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital Essen-Ruhrlandklinik , 45239 Essen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich , 8057 Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417505169400_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-074950","article-title":"The dendritic cell lineage: ontogeny and function of dendritic cells and their subsets in the steady state and the inflamed setting","volume":"31","author":"Merad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu. 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