{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T14:41:58Z","timestamp":1778942518046,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease in which Abs target neuromuscular junction proteins, in particular the acetylcholine receptor. We previously identified the antiapoptotic protein survivin in the autoreactive B cells and plasma cells of MG patients. To further define the role of survivin in MG, we have assessed PBMCs from 29 patients with MG and 15 controls. We confirmed the increased expression of survivin in CD20+ lymphocytes from MG patients compared with controls. Furthermore, the CD20+ population of cells from MG patients contained a higher percentage of extracellular survivin compared with controls. The analysis of CD4+ cells showed an increased percentage of intracellular survivin in MG patients compared with controls, whereas the extracellular survivin CD4+ percentage was unaffected. In an experimental mouse model of MG, we assessed the therapeutic potential of an Ab raised to a modified survivin peptide but cross-reactive to survivin. Ab treatment reduced disease severity, lowered acetylcholine receptor\u2013specific Abs, and decreased CD19+ survivin+ splenocytes. The ability to target survivin through Ab recognition of autoreactive cells offers the potential for a highly specific therapeutic agent for MG.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000482","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T21:00:28Z","timestamp":1598302828000},"page":"1743-1751","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Presence of Survivin on B Cells from Myasthenia Gravis Patients and the Potential of an Antibody to a Modified Survivin Peptide to Alleviate Weakness in an Animal Model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"205","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2041-6535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, George Washington University , Washington, DC 20052"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ciesielski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY 14263"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0309-8130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert A","family":"Fenstermaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center , Buffalo, NY 14263"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry J","family":"Kaminski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, George Washington University , Washington, DC 20052"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5530-2140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda L","family":"Kusner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University , Washington, DC 20037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417505103100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.311","article-title":"Compromised fidelity of B-cell tolerance checkpoints in AChR and MuSK myasthenia gravis","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2737","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI68775","article-title":"Specific peripheral B cell tolerance defects in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"123","author":"Kinnunen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.12.002","article-title":"IAPs: modular regulators of cell signalling","volume":"39","author":"Budhidarmo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.05.016","article-title":"Survivin in autoimmune diseases","volume":"16","author":"Gravina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458507087468","article-title":"Expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family in multiple sclerosis reveals a potential immunomodulatory role during autoimmune mediated demyelination","volume":"14","author":"Hebb","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-1331.2002.00454.x","article-title":"Upregulated survivin expression in activated T lymphocytes correlates with disease activity in multiple sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Sharief","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.7.1115","article-title":"Down-regulation of survivin expression in T lymphocytes after interferon beta-1a treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"59","author":"Sharief","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21575","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28784","article-title":"Survivin a pivotal antiapoptotic protein in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"234","author":"Zafari","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R349","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1498","article-title":"Balance between survivin, a key member of the apoptosis inhibitor family, and its specific antibodies determines erosivity in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"7","author":"Bokarewa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29894","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: past, present, and future","volume":"116","author":"Conti-Fine","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102231","article-title":"Survivin as a potential mediator to support autoreactive cell survival in myasthenia gravis: a human and animal model study","volume":"9","author":"Kusner","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r12","first-page":"2642","article-title":"Survivin monoclonal antibodies detect survivin cell surface expression and inhibit tumor growth in vivo","volume-title":"Clin Cancer Res","author":"Fenstermaker","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.1.16","article-title":"Myasthenia gravis: recommendations for clinical research standards","volume":"55","author":"Jaretzki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.05.008","article-title":"Ablation of IL-17 expression moderates experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis disease severity","volume":"96","author":"Aguilo-Seara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2015.02.009","article-title":"Guidelines for standard preclinical experiments in the mouse model of myasthenia gravis induced by acetylcholine receptor immunization","volume":"270","author":"Tuzun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2017.11.004","article-title":"Survivin and autoimmunity; the ins and outs","volume":"193","author":"Ebrahimiyan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Survivin is released from cancer cells via exosomes","volume-title":"Apoptosis","author":"Khan","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0046737","article-title":"Plasma-derived exosomal survivin, a plausible biomarker for early detection of prostate cancer","volume":"7","author":"Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r19","first-page":"43","article-title":"The emerging role of exosomes in survivin secretion","volume":"30","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Histol. Histopathol."},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34919","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.26182","article-title":"Exosomal survivin facilitates vesicle internalization","volume":"9","author":"Gonda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2025030417505103100_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep467","article-title":"Apoptosis in the rheumatoid arthritis synovial membrane: modulation by disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug treatment","volume":"49","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/205\/7\/1743\/61259333\/ji2000482.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/205\/7\/1743\/61259333\/ji2000482.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T18:14:30Z","timestamp":1741112070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/205\/7\/1743\/7930828"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.2000482","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]}}}