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The study of meningeal inflammation in MS has been limited because of constrained access to MS brain\/spinal cord specimens and the lack of experimental models recapitulating progressive MS. Unlike induced models, a spontaneously occurring model would offer a unique opportunity to understand MS immunopathogenesis and provide a compelling framework for translational research. We propose granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis (GME) as a natural model to study neuropathological aspects of MS. GME is an idiopathic, progressive neuroinflammatory disease of young dogs with a female bias. In the GME cases examined in this study, the meninges displayed focal and disseminated leptomeningeal enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging, which correlated with heavy leptomeningeal lymphocytic infiltration. These leptomeningeal infiltrates resembled tertiary lymphoid organs containing large B cell clusters that included few proliferating Ki67+ cells, plasma cells, follicular dendritic\/reticular cells, and germinal center B cell\u2013like cells. These B cell collections were confined in a specialized network of collagen fibers associated with the expression of the lympho-organogenic chemokines CXCL13 and CCL21. Although neuroparenchymal perivascular infiltrates contained B cells, they lacked the immune signature of aggregates in the meningeal compartment. Finally, meningeal B cell accumulation correlated significantly with cortical demyelination reflecting neuropathological similarities to MS. Hence, during chronic neuroinflammation, the meningeal microenvironment sustains B cell accumulation that is accompanied by underlying neuroparenchymal injury, indicating GME as a novel, naturally occurring model to study compartmentalized neuroinflammation and the associated pathology thought to contribute to progressive MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,23]],"date-time":"2021-06-23T16:31:23Z","timestamp":1624465883000},"page":"44-54","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Meningeal B Cell Clusters Correlate with Submeningeal Pathology in a Natural Model of Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"207","author":[{"given":"Molly E","family":"Church","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5245-4966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guadalupe","family":"Ceja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"McGeehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3775-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miles C","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4980-0247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priscilla","family":"Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa D","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary P","family":"Swain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0073-2730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles-Antoine","family":"Assenmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward G","family":"Stopa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University , Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6625-5266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles H","family":"Vite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Advanced Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Bar-Or","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8216-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge I","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025022606245306400_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.11.010","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: geoepidemiology, genetics and the environment","volume":"9","author":"Milo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Autoimmun. 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