{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:27:46Z","timestamp":1787030866233,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP-208613"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-208613"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The concept of plasticity of neutrophils is highlighted by studies showing their ability to transdifferentiate into APCs. In this regard, transdifferentiated neutrophils were found at inflammatory sites of autoimmune arthritis (AIA). Exposure of neutrophils to inflammatory stimuli prolongs their survival, thereby favoring the acquisition of pathophysiologically relevant phenotypes and functions. By using microarrays, quantitative RT-PCR, and ELISAs, we showed that long-lived (LL) neutrophils obtained after 48 h of culture in the presence of GM-CSF, TNF, and IL-4 differentially expressed genes related to apoptosis, MHC class II, immune response, and inflammation. The expression of anti-inflammatory genes mainly of peptidase inhibitor families is upregulated in LL neutrophils. Among these, the PI3 gene encoding elafin was the most highly expressed. The de novo production of elafin by LL neutrophils depended on a synergism between GM-CSF and TNF via the activation and cooperativity of C\/EBP\u03b2 and NF-\u03baB pathways, respectively. Elafin concentrations were higher in synovial fluids (SF) of patients with AIA than in SF of osteoarthritis. SF neutrophils produced more elafin than blood counterparts. These results are discussed with respect to implications of neutrophils in chronic inflammation and the potential influence of elafin in AIA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T16:35:20Z","timestamp":1616603720000},"page":"1943-1956","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Human Inflammatory Neutrophils Express Genes Encoding Peptidase Inhibitors: Production of Elafin Mediated by NF-\u03baB and CCAAT\/Enhancer-Binding Protein \u03b2"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"206","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4697-046X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Allaeys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunity Research Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center , Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3765-3657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Ribeiro de Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunity Research Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center , Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9779-0368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvain G","family":"Bourgoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunity Research Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center , Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4317-4812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrice E","family":"Poubelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases and Immunity Research Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Qu\u00e9bec-Universit\u00e9 Laval Research Center , Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417394581700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6532","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1004055","article-title":"Inflammation-associated autophagy-related programmed necrotic death of human neutrophils characterized by organelle fusion events","volume":"186","author":"Mihalache","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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