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In this study we have investigated whether the potent antibacterial oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl) contributes to killing of Mycobacterium smegmatis when this bacterium is phagocytosed by human neutrophils. We found that M. smegmatis were ingested by neutrophils into intracellular phagosomes but were killed slowly. We measured a t \u00a01\/2 of 30 min for the survival of M. smegmatis inside neutrophils, which is 5 times longer than that reported for Staphylococcus aureus and 15 times longer than Escherichia coli. Live-cell imaging indicated that neutrophils generated HOCl in phagosomes containing M. smegmatis; however, inhibition of HOCl production did not alter the rate of bacterial killing. Also, the doses of HOCl that are likely to be produced inside phagosomes failed to kill isolated bacteria. Lethal doses of reagent HOCl caused oxidation of mycothiol, the main low-m.w. thiol in this bacterium. In contrast, phagocytosed M. smegmatis maintained their original level of reduced mycothiol. Collectively, these findings suggest that M. smegmatis can cope with the HOCl that is produced inside neutrophil phagosomes. A mycothiol-deficient mutant was killed by neutrophils at the same rate as wild-type bacteria, indicating that mycothiol itself is not the main driver of M. smegmatis resistance. Understanding how M. smegmatis avoids killing by phagosomal HOCl could provide new opportunities to sensitize pathogenic mycobacteria to destruction by the innate immune system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2001084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,22]],"date-time":"2021-03-22T17:50:12Z","timestamp":1616435412000},"page":"1901-1912","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["<i>Mycobacterium smegmatis<\/i> Resists the Bactericidal Activity of Hypochlorous Acid Produced in Neutrophil Phagosomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Heather A","family":"Parker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago , Christchurch, Christchurch 8140 ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2269-4595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Dickerhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago , Christchurch, Christchurch 8140 ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorna","family":"Forrester","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago , Christchurch, Christchurch 8140 ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heath","family":"Ryburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago , Christchurch, Christchurch 8140 ,","place":["New Zealand"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago , Dunedin 9054 ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9861-3574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leon","family":"Smyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago , Christchurch, Christchurch 8140 ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2128-8264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joris","family":"Messens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie , 1050 Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Brussels Center for Redox Biology , 1050 Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel , 1050 Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0465-6256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Htin L","family":"Aung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago , Dunedin 9054 ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8349-1500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory M","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago , Dunedin 9054 ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J","family":"Kettle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago , Christchurch, Christchurch 8140 ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7349-3729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark B","family":"Hampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago , Christchurch, Christchurch 8140 ,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417494485900_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0903","article-title":"Neutrophils are the predominant infected phagocytic cells in the airways of patients with active pulmonary TB","volume":"137","author":"Eum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2025030417494485900_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2007.00550.x","article-title":"How human neutrophils kill and degrade microbes: an integrated view","volume":"219","author":"Nauseef","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol. 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