{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:40:23Z","timestamp":1787236823094,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics"},{"name":"Medicor Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mycolactone is a cytotoxin responsible for most of the chronic necrotizing pathology of Mycobacterium ulcerans disease (Buruli ulcer). The polyketide toxin consists of a 12-membered lactone ring with a lower O-linked polyunsaturated acyl side chain and an upper C-linked side chain. Mycolactone is unique to M. ulcerans and an immunological Ag capture assay would represent an important tool for the study of Buruli ulcer pathogenesis and for laboratory diagnosis. When testing sets of mycolactone-specific mouse mAbs, we found that Abs against the hydrophobic lower side chain only bind mycolactone immobilized on a solid support but not when present in solution. This observation supports previous findings that mycolactone forms micellar structures in aqueous solution with the hydrophobic region sequestered into the inner core of the aggregates. Although an Ag capture assay typically requires two Abs that recognize nonoverlapping epitopes, our search for matching pairs of mAbs showed that the same mAb could be used both as capture and as detecting reagent for the detection of the mycolactone aggregates. However, the combination of a core-specific and a core\/upper side chain\u2013specific mAb constituted the most sensitive ELISA with a sensitivity in the low nanogram range. The results of a pilot experiment showed that the sensitivity of the assay is sufficient to detect mycolactone in swab samples from Buruli ulcer lesions. Although the described capture ELISA can serve as a tool for research on the biology of mycolactone, the assay system will have to be adapted for use as a diagnostic tool.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2001232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T14:15:46Z","timestamp":1621865746000},"page":"2753-2762","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An Antigen Capture Assay for the Detection of Mycolactone, the Polyketide Toxin of\n                    <i>Mycobacterium ulcerans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"206","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8660-1242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louisa","family":"Warryn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"*Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;"},{"name":"\u2020University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Dangy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;"},{"name":"\u2020University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7857-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Gersbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2021Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0163-3419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Gehringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2021Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0747-9734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karl-Heinz","family":"Altmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2021Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1957-2925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerd","family":"Pluschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"*Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland;"},{"name":"\u2020University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023010220371337100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11114-4_1","article-title":"Buruli ulcer: history and disease burden.","volume-title":"Buruli Ulcer \u2013 Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease.","author":"R\u00f6ltgen","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023010220371337100_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-11114-4_7","article-title":"Mycolactone: more than just a cytotoxin.","volume-title":"Buruli Ulcer \u2013 Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease.","author":"Guenin-Mac\u00e9","year":"2019"},{"key":"2023010220371337100_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5403.854","article-title":"Mycolactone: a polyketide toxin from Mycobacterium ulcerans required for virulence.","volume":"283","author":"George","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2023010220371337100_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.5942807","article-title":"Reductive evolution and niche adaptation inferred from the genome of Mycobacterium ulcerans, the causative agent of Buruli ulcer.","volume":"17","author":"Stinear","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"2023010220371337100_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.01.018","article-title":"The genome, evolution and diversity of Mycobacterium ulcerans.","volume":"12","author":"R\u00f6ltgen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. 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