{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:24:37Z","timestamp":1790832277415,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1366,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI130152-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI130152-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03AI139875-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03AI139875-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32HL00731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32HL00731"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32GM007200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32GM007200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08CA230188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08CA230188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005189","name":"Leukemia and Lymphoma Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1349-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1349-18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014547","name":"Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000884","name":"Cancer Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000884","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Persistent Ag induces a dysfunctional CD8 T cell state known as \u201cexhaustion\u201d characterized by PD-1 expression. Nevertheless, exhausted CD8 T cells retain functionality through continued differentiation of progenitor into effector cells. However, it remains ill-defined how CD8 T cell effector responses are sustained in situ. In this study, we show using the mouse chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection model that CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells contain a T-bet\u2013dependent TIM3\u2212PD-1lo subpopulation that is distinct from the TIM3+CX3CR1+PD-1+ proliferative effector subset. The TIM3\u2212CX3CR1+ cells are quiescent and express a low but significant level of the transcription factor TCF-1, demonstrating similarity to TCF-1hi progenitor CD8 T cells. Furthermore, following the resolution of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus viremia, a substantial proportion of TCF-1+ memory-like CD8 T cells show evidence of CX3CR1 expression during the chronic phase of the infection. Our results suggest a subset of the CX3CR1+ exhausted population demonstrates progenitor-like features that support the generation of the CX3CR1+ effector pool from the TCF-1hi progenitors and contribute to the memory-like pool following the resolution of viremia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2001348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T10:25:25Z","timestamp":1622802325000},"page":"2924-2936","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Identification of a T-bethi Quiescent Exhausted CD8 T Cell Subpopulation That Can Differentiate into TIM3+CX3CR1+ Effectors and Memory-like Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Saravanan","family":"Raju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6397-1205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2410-8767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bence","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E","family":"Yost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5477-5309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elliot","family":"Bradshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6604-6496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Tonc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5624-2488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J","family":"Verbaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Kometani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences , Yokohama City, Kanagawa ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne M","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Kurosaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences , Yokohama City, Kanagawa ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5167-537X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ansuman T","family":"Satpathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7489-1051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Egawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041420281821000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199810)28:10<3301::AID-IMMU3301>3.0.CO;2-Q","article-title":"A protective cytotoxic T cell response to a subdominant epitope is influenced by the stability of the MHC class I\/peptide complex and the overall spectrum of viral peptides generated within infected cells","volume":"28","author":"Gallimore","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(98)80119-2","article-title":"Therapeutic vaccination against chronic viral infection: the importance of cooperation between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells","volume":"10","author":"Zajac","year":"1998","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.08.018","article-title":"CD8(+) lymphocytes are required for maintaining viral suppression in SIV-infected macaques treated with short-term antiretroviral therapy","volume":"45","author":"Cartwright","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19330","article-title":"Defining CD8+ T cells that provide the proliferative burst after PD-1 therapy","volume":"537","author":"Im","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.07.021","article-title":"T cell factor 1-expressing memory-like CD8(+) T cells sustain the immune response to chronic viral infections","volume":"45","author":"Utzschneider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaai8593","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aai8593","article-title":"The TCF1-Bcl6 axis counteracts type I interferon to repress exhaustion and maintain T cell stemness","volume":"1","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3543","article-title":"CXCR5(+) follicular cytotoxic T cells control viral infection in B cell follicles","volume":"17","author":"Leong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19317","article-title":"Follicular CXCR5- expressing CD8(+) T cells curtail chronic viral infection. [Published erratum appears in 2016 Nature. 540: 470.]","volume":"537","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.11.002","article-title":"Proliferating transitory T cells with an effector-like transcriptional signature emerge from PD-1+ stem-like CD8+ T cells during chronic infection","volume":"51","author":"Hudson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.10.009","article-title":"CD4+ T cell help is required for the formation of a cytolytic CD8+ T cell subset that protects against chronic infection and cancer","volume":"51","author":"Zander","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1229620","article-title":"Progenitor and terminal subsets of CD8+ T cells cooperate to contain chronic viral infection","volume":"338","author":"Paley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0791-5","article-title":"Two subsets of stem-like CD8+ memory T cell progenitors with distinct fate commitments in humans","volume":"21","author":"Galletti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaba7918","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aba7918","article-title":"TOX is expressed by exhausted and polyfunctional human effector memory CD8+ T cells","volume":"5","author":"Sekine","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16004","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407192101","article-title":"Antigen-independent memory CD8 T cells do not develop during chronic viral infection","volume":"101","author":"Wherry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.06.011","article-title":"Repression of the transcription factor Bach2 contributes to predisposition of IgG1 memory B cells toward plasma cell differentiation","volume":"39","author":"Kometani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.07.023","article-title":"The transcription factor AP4 mediates resolution of chronic viral infection through amplification of germinal center B cell responses","volume":"45","author":"Chou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.2.817","article-title":"SAP regulation of follicular helper CD4 T cell development and humoral immunity is independent of SLAM and Fyn kinase","volume":"178","author":"McCausland","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300977","article-title":"Myeloid cells limit production of antibody-secreting cells after immunization in the lymph node","volume":"192","author":"Fooksman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.031","article-title":"Comprehensive integration of single-cell data","volume":"177","author":"Stuart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad0501","article-title":"Dissecting the multicellular ecosystem of metastatic melanoma by single-cell RNA-seq","volume":"352","author":"Tirosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.4314","article-title":"Dimensionality reduction for visualizing single-cell data using UMAP","volume":"37","author":"Becht","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv715","article-title":"Destiny: diffusion maps for large-scale single-cell data in R","volume":"32","author":"Angerer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0312-6","article-title":"Subsets of exhausted CD8+ T cells differentially mediate tumor control and respond to checkpoint blockade. [Published erratum appears in 2019 Nat. Immunol. 20: 1556.]","volume":"20","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-195792","article-title":"Tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells infiltrating the tumor express high levels of PD-1 and are functionally impaired","volume":"114","author":"Ahmadzadeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01579-09","article-title":"Tissue-specific differences in PD-1 and PD-L1 expression during chronic viral infection: implications for CD8 T-cell exhaustion","volume":"84","author":"Blackburn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5315","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001948","article-title":"Differential localization of effector and memory CD8 T cell subsets in lymphoid organs during acute viral infection","volume":"185","author":"Jung","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171352","article-title":"ZEB1, ZEB2, and the miR-200 family form a counterregulatory network to regulate CD8+ T cell fates","volume":"215","author":"Guan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20150194","article-title":"Transcriptional repressor ZEB2 promotes terminal differentiation of CD8+ effector and memory T cell populations during infection","volume":"212","author":"Omilusik","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2046","article-title":"Transcription factor T-bet represses expression of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 and sustains virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses during chronic infection","volume":"12","author":"Kao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1159806","article-title":"Anomalous type 17 response to viral infection by CD8+ T cells lacking T-bet and eomesodermin","volume":"321","author":"Intlekofer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20081242","article-title":"Runx3 and T-box proteins cooperate to establish the transcriptional program of effector CTLs","volume":"206","author":"Cruz-Guilloty","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4911","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.8.4911-4927.2003","article-title":"Viral persistence alters CD8 T-cell immunodominance and tissue distribution and results in distinct stages of functional impairment","volume":"77","author":"Wherry","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02981","article-title":"High levels of eomes promote exhaustion of anti-tumor CD8+ T cells","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.09.013","article-title":"TCF-1-centered transcriptional network drives an effector versus exhausted CD8 T cell-fate decision","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4877","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2014.78","article-title":"The kinetics of ER fusion protein activation in vivo","volume":"33","author":"Wilson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncogene."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-9556(25)07102-8","article-title":"Metabolites, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen in rats and mice compared to the breast cancer patient","volume":"19","author":"Robinson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1208421","article-title":"Late interleukin-6 escalates T follicular helper cell responses and controls a chronic viral infection","volume":"334","author":"Harker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2606","article-title":"T cells maintain an exhausted phenotype after antigen withdrawal and population reexpansion","volume":"14","author":"Utzschneider","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1326-9","article-title":"TOX reinforces the phenotype and longevity of exhausted T cells in chronic viral infection","volume":"571","author":"Alfei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1325-x","article-title":"TOX transcriptionally and epigenetically programs CD8+ T cell exhaustion","volume":"571","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1324-y","article-title":"TOX is a critical regulator of tumour-specific T cell differentiation","volume":"571","author":"Scott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12410","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1905675116","article-title":"TOX and TOX2 transcription factors cooperate with NR4A transcription factors to impose CD8+ T cell exhaustion. [Published erratum appears in 2019 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 116: 19761.]","volume":"116","author":"Seo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0403-4","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq reveals TOX as a key regulator of CD8+ T cell persistence in chronic infection","volume":"20","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.04.014","article-title":"Developmental relationships of four exhausted CD8+ T cell subsets reveals underlying transcriptional and epigenetic landscape control mechanisms","volume":"52","author":"Beltra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.01.072","article-title":"Suppression of Tcf1 by inflammatory cytokines facilitates effector CD8 T cell differentiation","volume":"22","author":"Danilo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.08.002","article-title":"CD8+ T cell priming in established chronic viral infection preferentially directs differentiation of memory-like cells for sustained immunity","volume":"49","author":"Snell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13824","article-title":"Clonal dynamics of native haematopoiesis","volume":"514","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14242","article-title":"Fundamental properties of unperturbed haematopoiesis from stem cells in vivo","volume":"518","author":"Busch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000250","article-title":"Unperturbed vs. post-transplantation hematopoiesis: both in vivo but different","volume":"23","author":"Busch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Hematol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-00817-w","article-title":"Memory-like HCV-specific CD8+ T cells retain a molecular scar after cure of chronic HCV infection","volume":"22","author":"Hensel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r51","article-title":"TOX defines the degree of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in distinct phases of chronic HBV infection","author":"Heim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"2026041420281821000_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97828","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.97828","article-title":"CX3CR1 identifies PD-1 therapy-responsive CD8+ T cells that withstand chemotherapy during cancer chemoimmunotherapy","volume":"3","author":"Yan","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/206\/12\/2924\/61363678\/ji2001348.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/206\/12\/2924\/61363678\/ji2001348.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:55:16Z","timestamp":1776214516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/206\/12\/2924\/7944209"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.2001348","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}}}