{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T08:08:40Z","timestamp":1768810120411,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/PR13522\/COE\/34\/27\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR13522\/COE\/34\/27\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/PR27352\/BRB\/10\/1639\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR27352\/BRB\/10\/1639\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EMR\/2014\/000875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EMR\/2014\/000875"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.SB\/S2\/JCB-025\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.SB\/S2\/JCB-025\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/PR27952\/INF\/22\/212\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR27952\/INF\/22\/212\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRG\/2019\/002062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG\/2019\/002062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Septic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder caused by Staphylococcus aureus invasion of host synovium, which often progresses to impairment of joint functions. Although it is known that disease progression is intricately dependent on dysregulated inflammation of the knee joint, identification of molecular events mediating such imbalance during S. aureus\u2013induced septic arthritis still requires detailed investigation. In this article, we report that Aurora kinase A (AURKA) responsive WNT signaling activates S. aureus infection\u2013triggered septic arthritis, which results in inflammation of the synovium. In this context, treatment with adapalene, a synthetic retinoid derivative, in a mouse model for septic arthritis shows significant reduction of proinflammatory mediators with a simultaneous decrease in bacterial burden and prevents cartilage loss. Mechanistically, adapalene treatment inhibits WNT signaling with concomitant activation of HIPPO signaling, generating alternatively activated macrophages. Collectively, we establish adapalene as a promising strategy to suppress S. aureus\u2013induced irreversible joint damage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2001360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T13:05:18Z","timestamp":1621861518000},"page":"2888-2899","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Selective Activation of MST1\/2 Kinases by Retinoid Agonist Adapalene Abrogates AURKA-Regulated Septic Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Preeti","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, Karnataka ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, Karnataka ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy","family":"Balaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, Karnataka ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417503857300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2009.06.511","article-title":"How common is MRSA in adult septic arthritis?","volume":"54","author":"Frazee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0127150","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127150","article-title":"High prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients with septic arthritis caused by Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3012","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.24.3012","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis: a consequence of medical progress","volume":"293","author":"Fowler","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1086\/345476","article-title":"Comparison of mortality associated with methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a meta-analysis","volume":"36","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00084-17","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00084-17","article-title":"Staphylococcal osteomyelitis: disease progression, treatment challenges, and future directions","volume":"31","author":"Kavanagh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23003","article-title":"The importance of the disease process and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug treatment in the development of septic arthritis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"57","author":"Edwards","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.152769","article-title":"Risk of septic arthritis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the effect of anti-TNF therapy: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register","volume":"70","author":"Galloway","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-06-096438","article-title":"Retinoic acid inhibits Th17 polarization and enhances FoxP3 expression through a Stat-3\/Stat-5 independent signaling pathway","volume":"111","author":"Elias","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.1925","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 2-dependent induction of vitamin A-metabolizing enzymes in dendritic cells promotes T regulatory responses and inhibits autoimmunity","volume":"15","author":"Manicassamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2005.11.012","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effect of all-trans-retinoic acid in inflammatory arthritis","volume":"119","author":"Nozaki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0926-9959.2001.00006.x","article-title":"Adapalene biochemistry and the evolution of a new topical retinoid for treatment of acne","volume":"15","author":"Czernielewski","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2004.02499.x","article-title":"Joint cytokine quantification in two rodent arthritis models: kinetics of expression, correlation of mRNA and protein levels and response to prednisolone treatment","volume":"137","author":"Rioja","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22794","article-title":"Prostaglandin E2 exacerbates collagen-induced arthritis in mice through the inflammatory interleukin-23\/interleukin-17 axis","volume":"56","author":"Sheibanie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.141","article-title":"Guidelines for assessment of bone microstructure in rodents using micro-computed tomography","volume":"25","author":"Bouxsein","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8870","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09200-6","article-title":"TDAG8, TRPV1, and ASIC3 involved in establishing hyperalgesic priming in experimental rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"7","author":"Hsieh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3351","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402498","article-title":"WNT-inflammasome signaling mediates NOD2-induced development of acute arthritis in mice","volume":"194","author":"Singh","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e45517","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045517","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of multipotential mesenchymal cells from the mouse synovium","volume":"7","author":"Futami","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.2002.0533","article-title":"Protein A is a virulence factor in Staphylococcus aureus arthritis and septic death","volume":"33","author":"Palmqvist","year":"2002","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.3.1.10-15.1971","article-title":"Occurrence of protein a in staphylococcal strains: quantitative aspects and correlation to antigenic and bacteriophage types","volume":"3","author":"Kronvall","year":"1971","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1086\/427663","article-title":"Fibronectin-binding proteins and fibrinogen-binding clumping factors play distinct roles in staphylococcal arthritis and systemic inflammation","volume":"191","author":"Palmqvist","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6871","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.12.6871-6878.2000","article-title":"Heterologously expressed Staphylococcus aureus fibronectin-binding proteins are sufficient for invasion of host cells","volume":"68","author":"Sinha","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2094","article-title":"Cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"7","author":"McInnes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23622","article-title":"The chemokine receptors CXCR1\/CXCR2 modulate antigen-induced arthritis by regulating adhesion of neutrophils to the synovial microvasculature","volume":"58","author":"Coelho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210426","article-title":"CCL2\/CCR2, but not CCL5\/CCR5, mediates monocyte recruitment, inflammation and cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis","volume":"76","author":"Raghu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9181647","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9181647","article-title":"Chemokine C-C motif ligand 4 gene polymorphisms associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"2018","author":"Kuo","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5334","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05654-w","article-title":"CCL11, a novel mediator of inflammatory bone resorption","volume":"7","author":"Kindstedt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-005-0637-5","article-title":"The complex role of the chemokine receptor CCR2 in collagen-induced arthritis: implications for therapeutic targeting of CCR2 in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"83","author":"Quinones","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med. (Berl.)"},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1471-1","article-title":"Locally renewing resident synovial macrophages provide a protective barrier for the joint","volume":"572","author":"Culemann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv10","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex399","article-title":"The role of fat and inflammation in the pathogenesis and management of osteoarthritis","volume":"57","author":"Urban","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1145697","article-title":"Reciprocal TH17 and regulatory T cell differentiation mediated by retinoic acid","volume":"317","author":"Mucida","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1719","article-title":"Divergent functions for airway epithelial matrix metalloproteinase 7 and retinoic acid in experimental asthma","volume":"10","author":"Goswami","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.1.209-214.1996","article-title":"Vitamin A deficiency predisposes to Staphylococcus aureus infection","volume":"64","author":"Wiedermann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.12.010","article-title":"PGLYRP-2 and Nod2 are both required for peptidoglycan-induced arthritis and local inflammation","volume":"5","author":"Saha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz009","article-title":"Epidermal growth factor receptor-responsive indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase confers immune homeostasis during Shigella flexneri infection","volume":"219","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27504","article-title":"Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling is crucial for joint destruction in experimental arthritis and is activated in osteoclasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"62","author":"Cejka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37986","article-title":"Differentially expressed epigenome modifiers, including aurora kinases A and B, in immune cells in rheumatoid arthritis in humans and mouse models","volume":"65","author":"Glant","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2010.00049","article-title":"mTOR regulates the invasive properties of synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"16","author":"Laragione","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3813","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-2882","article-title":"RAR\u03b3 downregulation contributes to colorectal tumorigenesis and metastasis by derepressing the hippo-yap pathway","volume":"76","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3268","article-title":"Kinases Mst1 and Mst2 positively regulate phagocytic induction of reactive oxygen species and bactericidal activity","volume":"16","author":"Geng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.02.021","article-title":"Yap1 regulates multiple steps of chondrocyte differentiation during skeletal development and bone repair","volume":"14","author":"Deng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.129","article-title":"Aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 is produced during self-resolving gram-negative bacterial pneumonia and regulates host immune responses for the resolution of lung inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Abdulnour","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97943","article-title":"Resolvins in inflammation: emergence of the pro-resolving superfamily of mediators","volume":"128","author":"Serhan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2330","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402166","article-title":"ChemR23, the receptor for chemerin and resolvin E1, is expressed and functional on M1 but not on M2 macrophages","volume":"194","author":"Herov\u00e1","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05877","article-title":"Resolvin E1 and protectin D1 activate inflammation-resolution programmes","volume":"447","author":"Schwab","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.6.3912","article-title":"Resolvin E1 selectively interacts with leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 and ChemR23 to regulate inflammation","volume":"178","author":"Arita","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38043","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38043","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus-dependent septic arthritis in murine knee joints: local immune response and beneficial effects of vaccination","volume":"6","author":"Corrado","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007744","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007744","article-title":"MyD88 and IL-1R signaling drive antibacterial immunity and osteoclast-driven bone loss during Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis","volume":"15","author":"Putnam","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000014","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2014-000014","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis","volume":"1","author":"Briot","year":"2015","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2019.1615052","article-title":"An updated review of glucocorticoid-related adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"18","author":"Lu\u00eds","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2011.06.018","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus arthritis in adults: case report and review of the literature","volume":"41","author":"Fangtham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12873","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0904958106","article-title":"NOD2 contributes to cutaneous defense against Staphylococcus aureus through alpha-toxin-dependent innate immune activation","volume":"106","author":"Hruz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00940-08","article-title":"Critical role of NOD2 in regulating the immune response to Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"77","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.18.00899","article-title":"Randomized phase III study of alisertib or investigator\u2019s choice (selected single agent) in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma","volume":"37","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2015.09.002","article-title":"The limitations of in vitro experimentation in understanding biofilms and chronic infection","volume":"427","author":"Roberts","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3067126","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3067126","article-title":"Impact of retinoic acid on immune cells and inflammatory diseases","volume":"2018","author":"Oliveira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2172-9-16","article-title":"The Retinoic Acid Receptor-alpha mediates human T-cell activation and Th2 cytokine and chemokine production","volume":"9","author":"Dawson","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxg101","article-title":"Retinoic acids exert direct effects on T cells to suppress Th1 development and enhance Th2 development via retinoic acid receptors","volume":"15","author":"Iwata","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2009.0028","article-title":"All-trans retinoic acid ameliorates trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis by shifting Th1 to Th2 profile","volume":"30","author":"Bai","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6501","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2015.4310","article-title":"Adapalene inhibits the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 in colorectal carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.11410","article-title":"The synthetic retinoid adapalene inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells in vitro","volume":"107","author":"Ocker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2025030417503857300_r61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.5249","article-title":"Alisertib induces apoptosis and autophagy through targeting the AKT\/mTOR\/AMPK\/p38 pathway in leukemic cells","volume":"14","author":"Fu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/206\/12\/2888\/61363867\/ji2001360.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/206\/12\/2888\/61363867\/ji2001360.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T17:58:47Z","timestamp":1741111127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/206\/12\/2888\/7944232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.2001360","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}}}