{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T23:22:50Z","timestamp":1789514570193,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627776000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-02499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-02499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001729","name":"Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SB12-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SB12-0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001729","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018713","name":"Centrum f\u00f6r innovativ medicin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"KID PhD student funding program from Karolinska Institutet","award":["2-1930-2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2-1930-2016"]}]},{"name":"KID PhD student funding program from Karolinska Institutet","award":["2016-00132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-00132"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A single dose of the replication-competent, live-attenuated yellow fever virus (YFV) 17D vaccine provides lifelong immunity against human YFV infection. The magnitude, kinetics, and specificity of B cell responses to YFV 17D are relatively less understood than T cell responses. In this clinical study, we focused on early immune events critical for the development of humoral immunity to YFV 17D vaccination in 24 study subjects. More specifically, we studied the dynamics of several immune cell populations over time and the development of neutralizing Abs. At 7 d following vaccination, YFV RNA in serum as well as several antiviral proteins were detected as a sign of YFV 17D replication. Activation of Th1-polarized circulating T follicular helper cells followed germinal center activity, the latter assessed by the surrogate marker CXCL13 in serum. This coincided with a plasmablast expansion peaking at day 14 before returning to baseline levels at day 28. FluoroSpot-based analysis confirmed that plasmablasts were specific to the YFV-E protein. The frequencies of plasmablasts correlated with the magnitude of neutralizing Ab titers measured at day 90, suggesting that this transient B cell subset could be used as an early marker of induction of protective immunity. Additionally, YFV-specific memory B cells were readily detectable at 28 and 90 d following vaccination, and all study subjects tested developed protective neutralizing Ab titers. Taken together, these studies provide insights into key immune events leading to human B cell immunity following vaccination with the YFV 17D vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2001381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,28]],"date-time":"2021-07-28T14:40:11Z","timestamp":1627483211000},"page":"1033-1043","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Activation and Kinetics of Circulating T Follicular Helper Cells, Specific Plasmablast Response, and Development of Neutralizing Antibodies following Yellow Fever Virus Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"207","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6747-6933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John Tyler","family":"Sandberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9784-7176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Ols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"L\u00f6fling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9391-9291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Varnait\u0117","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustaf","family":"Lindgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Therapy and Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9986-8138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ola","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, \u00d6rebro University and University Hospital , \u00d6rebro ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5859-3158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lars","family":"Rombo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Research , Eskilstuna, S\u00f6rmland ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, \u00d6rebro University and University Hospital , \u00d6rebro ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Kal\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Medicine, M\u00e4larsjukhuset , Eskilstuna ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Lor\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Blom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0908-7387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans-Gustaf","family":"Ljunggren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025022610315367200_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01623-19","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01623-19","article-title":"Yellow fever virus reemergence and spread in Southeast Brazil, 2016-2019. 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