{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T10:33:04Z","timestamp":1783420384608,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1427,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"USDA | National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015-06984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-06984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Studies of immune responses elicited by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccines have primarily focused on the characterization of neutralizing B cell and CD4+ T cell epitopes. Despite the availability of commercial vaccines for decades, BVDV prevalence in cattle has remained largely unaffected. There is limited knowledge regarding the role of BVDV-specific CD8+ T cells in immune protection, and indirect evidence suggests that they play a crucial role during BVDV infection. In this study, the presence of BVDV-specific CD8+ T cells that are highly cross-reactive in cattle was demonstrated. Most importantly, novel potent IFN-\u03b3\u2013inducing CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified from different regions of BVDV polyprotein. Eight CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified from the following structural BVDV Ags: Erns, E1, and E2 glycoproteins. In addition, from nonstructural BVDV Ags Npro, NS2-3, NS4A-B, and NS5A-B, 20 CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified. The majority of these IFN-\u03b3\u2013inducing CD8+ T cell epitopes were found to be highly conserved among more than 200 strains from BVDV-1 and -2 genotypes. These conserved epitopes were also validated as cross-reactive because they induced high recall IFN-\u03b3+CD8+ T cell responses ex vivo in purified bovine CD8+ T cells isolated from BVDV-1\u2013 and -2\u2013immunized cattle. Altogether, 28 bovine MHC class I\u2013binding epitopes were identified from key BVDV Ags that can elicit broadly reactive CD8+ T cells against diverse BVDV strains. The data presented in this study will lay the groundwork for the development of a contemporary CD8+ T cell\u2013based BVDV vaccine capable of addressing BVDV heterogeneity more effectively than current vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2001424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T20:35:14Z","timestamp":1616618114000},"page":"1709-1718","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Novel Potent IFN-\u03b3\u2013Inducing CD8+ T Cell Epitopes Conserved among Diverse Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Strains"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Neha","family":"Sangewar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7285-9162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suryakant D","family":"Waghela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxiu","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huldah","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jocelyn","family":"Bray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University , College Station, TX 77843"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2705-7571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waithaka","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Medicine\/Pathobiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030418555489300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.04.003","article-title":"Vaccination of cattle against bovine viral diarrhea virus","volume":"206","author":"Newcomer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. 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