{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:24:57Z","timestamp":1790720697717,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81871661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871661"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81770591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81770591"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82102383"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82102383"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WK9110000048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WK9110000048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003995","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1908085MH242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1908085MH242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department","award":["2019YJ0281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019YJ0281"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AI155140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI155140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI069939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI069939"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI082630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI082630"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK098079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK098079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DK108370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK108370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Project Foundation of academic leader Anhui Province, China","award":["2018H178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018H178"]}]},{"name":"Key project Foundation of Anhui Province, China","award":["S202104j07020097"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S202104j07020097"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV)\/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection accelerates liver fibrosis progression compared with HBV or HCV monoinfection. Octamer binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) and Nanog are direct targets of the profibrogenic TGF-\u03b21 signaling cascade. We leveraged a coculture model to monitor the effects of HBV and HCV coinfection on fibrogenesis in both sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide\u2013transfected Huh7.5.1 hepatoma cells and LX2 hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). We used CRISPR-Cas9 to knock out OCT4 and Nanog to evaluate their effects on HBV-, HCV-, or TGF-\u03b21\u2013induced liver fibrogenesis. HBV\/HCV coinfection and HBx, HBV preS2, HCV Core, and HCV NS2\/3 overexpression increased TGF-\u03b21 mRNA levels in sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide\u2013Huh7.5.1 cells compared with controls. HBV\/HCV coinfection further enhanced profibrogenic gene expression relative to HBV or HCV monoinfection. Coculture of HBV and HCV monoinfected or HBV\/HCV coinfected hepatocytes with LX2 cells significantly increased profibrotic gene expression and LX2 cell invasion and migration. OCT4 and Nanog guide RNA independently suppressed HBV-, HCV-, HBV\/HCV-, and TGF-\u03b21\u2013induced \u03b1-SMA, TIMP-1, and Col1A1 expression and reduced Huh7.5.1, LX2, primary hepatocyte, and primary human HSC migratory capacity. OCT4\/Nanog protein expression also correlated positively with fibrosis stage in liver biopsies from patients with chronic HBV or HCV infection. In conclusion, HBV and HCV independently and cooperatively promote liver fibrogenesis through a TGF-\u03b21\u2013induced OCT4\/Nanog-dependent pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2001453","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T14:21:10Z","timestamp":1641997270000},"page":"672-684","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Virus Infection Promote Liver Fibrogenesis through a TGF-\u03b21\u2013Induced OCT4\/Nanog Pathway"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Wenting","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University , Haikou, Hainan Province,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui Province,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8907-0029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoqiong","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Chengdu, Sichuan Province,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0657-828X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanlong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University , Haikou, Hainan Province,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, Jiangsu Province,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"},{"name":"Southwest University, College of Animal Science and Technology , Chongqing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6308-0859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andre J","family":"Jeyarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0934-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0329-4097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeng","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuju","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang, Liaoning Province,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9113-2046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanwu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatology, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, Jiangsu Province,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tuo","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhimeng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadi","family":"Salloum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esperance A","family":"Schaefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8227-5996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annie J","family":"Kruger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital , Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacinta A","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, St Vincent\u2019s Hospital , Fitzroy, Victoria,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond T","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9913-9683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Center and Gastrointestinal Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021008531563800_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.168286","article-title":"HIV and HCV cooperatively promote hepatic fibrogenesis via induction of reactive oxygen species and NFkappaB","volume":"286","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis926","article-title":"Pathogenesis of accelerated fibrosis in HIV\/HCV co-infection","volume":"207","author":"Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.03.008","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus regulates transforming growth factor beta1 production through the generation of reactive oxygen species in a nuclear factor kappaB-dependent manner","volume":"138","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.01.005","article-title":"HIV increases HCV replication in a TGF-beta1-dependent manner","volume":"134","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0212589","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212589","article-title":"Stimulated hepatic stellate cell promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma due to protein kinase R activation","volume":"14","author":"Imai","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-019-00699-6","article-title":"Effectiveness of interventions for hepatitis B and C: a systematic review of vaccination, screening, health promotion and linkage to care within higher income countries","volume":"45","author":"Ortiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Community Health"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817274","DOI":"10.1080\/22423982.2020.1817274","article-title":"Risk of hepatitis B when migrating from low to high endemic areas","volume":"79","author":"Krarup","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Circumpolar Health"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0139015","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139015","article-title":"Replication inhibition of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus in co-infected patients in Chinese population","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S771","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix355","article-title":"Toward a cure for hepatitis B virus infection: combination therapy involving viral suppression and immune modulation and long-term outcome","volume":"216","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2018.1505503","article-title":"Global epidemiology of viral hepatitis and national needs for complete control","volume":"16","author":"Lanini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203013","article-title":"IL-17A plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis through hepatic stellate cell activation","volume":"191","author":"Tan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1872-034X.2012.00994.x","article-title":"Do hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co-infections increase hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence through synergistically modulating lipogenic gene expression?","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.05.011","article-title":"An important role of SREBP-1 in HBV and HCV co-replication inhibition by PTEN","volume":"520","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000376","article-title":"Tupaia MAVS is a dual target during hepatitis C virus infection for innate immune evasion and viral replication via NF-kappaB","volume":"205","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r15","first-page":"221","article-title":"The spectrum of HBV\/HCV coinfection: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, viralinteractions and management","volume":"28","author":"Konstantinou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22794","article-title":"HBV superinfection in HCV chronic carriers: a disease that is frequently severe but associated with the eradication of HCV","volume":"49","author":"Sagnelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2006.04547.x","article-title":"Comparison of liver histopathology between chronic hepatitis C patients and chronic hepatitis B and C-coinfected patients","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602333","article-title":"A meta-analysis of case-control studies on the combined effect of hepatitis B and C virus infections in causing hepatocellular carcinoma in China","volume":"92","author":"Shi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980130)75:3<347::AID-IJC4>3.0.CO;2-2","article-title":"A meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on the combined effect of hepatitis B and C virus infections in causing hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"75","author":"Donato","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.4103\/ijabmr.IJABMR_338_17","article-title":"Hepatitis B and C viruses, their coinfection and correlations in chronic liver disease patients: a tertiary care hospital study","volume":"8","author":"Grewal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Basic Med. Res."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22487","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22487","article-title":"HCV induces transforming growth factor \u03b21 through activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response","volume":"6","author":"Chusri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11022","article-title":"MicroRNA-34a-5p inhibits liver fibrosis by regulating TGF-\u03b21\/Smad3 pathway in hepatic stellate cells","volume":"42","author":"Feili","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2017.12.019","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b21 gene polymorphisms with liver cirrhosis risk: a meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repbio.2020.05.005","article-title":"Investigating the expression of pluripotency-related genes in human amniotic fluid cells: A semi-quantitative comparison between different subpopulations, from primary to cultured amniocytes","volume":"20","author":"Hoseini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118337","article-title":"Signaling pathways and microRNAs, the orchestrators of NANOG activity during cancer induction","volume":"260","author":"Alemohammad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e201900548","DOI":"10.26508\/lsa.201900548","article-title":"Oct4 mediates M\u00fcller glia reprogramming and cell cycle exit during retina regeneration in zebrafish","volume":"2","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci. Alliance"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0145256","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145256","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2I regulates cell migration through pluripotent transcription factor OCT4 in endometriosis","volume":"10","author":"Au","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.022","article-title":"EpCAM-regulated intramembrane proteolysis induces a cancer stem cell-like gene signature in hepatitis B virus-infected hepatocytes","volume":"65","author":"Mani","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S151390","article-title":"Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of OCT4 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"OncoTargets Ther."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-13-3274","article-title":"Activation of IL6\/IGFIR confers poor prognosis of HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma through induction of OCT4\/NANOG expression","volume":"21","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23507","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15183","article-title":"C-terminal truncated hepatitis B virus X protein regulates tumorigenicity, self-renewal and drug resistance via STAT3\/Nanog signaling pathway","volume":"8","author":"Ching","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3252","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i18.3252","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus X protein induces hepatic stem cell-like features in hepatocellular carcinoma by activating KDM5B","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1268","article-title":"Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome. [Published erratum appears in 2005 Nat. Med. 11: 905.]","volume":"11","author":"Wakita","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2011.07.026","article-title":"A functional genomic screen reveals novel host genes that mediate interferon-alpha\u2019s effects against hepatitis C virus","volume":"56","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30266","article-title":"A long noncoding RNA regulates hepatitis C virus infection through interferon alpha-inducible protein 6","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.11.038","article-title":"The spliceosome factor SART1 exerts its anti-HCV action through mRNA splicing","volume":"62","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00049","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00049","article-title":"Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus. [Published erratum appears in 2014 eLife 3: e05570.]","volume":"1","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26982","article-title":"Cyclosporin A and its analogs inhibit hepatitis B virus entry into cultured hepatocytes through targeting a membrane transporter, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP)","volume":"59","author":"Watashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02009-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02009-17","article-title":"MicroRNA 130a regulates both hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus replication through a central metabolic pathway","volume":"92","author":"Duan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.8.1715","article-title":"Inducible expression of human hepatitis B virus (HBV) in stably transfected hepatoblastoma cells: a novel system for screening potential inhibitors of HBV replication","volume":"41","author":"Ladner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9340","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1004762107","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus core antigen determines viral persistence in a C57BL\/6 mouse model","volume":"107","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.11.038","article-title":"The spliceosome factor SART1 exerts its anti-HCV action through mRNA splicing","volume":"62","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9294","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503596102","article-title":"Robust hepatitis C virus infection in vitro","volume":"102","author":"Zhong","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10999","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00526-10","article-title":"Ultrastructural and biophysical characterization of hepatitis C virus particles produced in cell culture","volume":"84","author":"Gastaminza","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28766","article-title":"Exposure to human immunodeficiency virus\/hepatitis C virus in hepatic and stellate cell lines reveals cooperative profibrotic transcriptional activation between viruses and cell types","volume":"64","author":"Salloum","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8111419","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2 in hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrogenesis-updated 2019","volume":"8","author":"Dewidar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.3390\/v12070741","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus co-infection","volume":"12","author":"Shih","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14352","article-title":"The negative impact of HBV\/HCV coinfection on cirrhosis and its consequences","volume":"46","author":"Pol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.12300","article-title":"Systematic review: Asian patients with chronic hepatitis C infection","volume":"37","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.25747","article-title":"Activin-SMAD signaling is required for maintenance of porcine iPS cell self-renewal through upregulation of NANOG and OCT4 expression","volume":"232","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2014.05.017","article-title":"Roles of TGF-\u03b2 family signals in the fate determination of pluripotent stem cells","volume":"32","author":"Itoh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30553","article-title":"HBx drives alpha fetoprotein expression to promote initiation of liver cancer stem cells through activating PI3K\/AKT signal pathway","volume":"140","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3057","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093057","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus and hepatocellular carcinoma: when the host loses its grip","volume":"21","author":"Goto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"2025021008531563800_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03243","article-title":"HCV NS3 protease enhances liver fibrosis via binding to and activating TGF-\u03b2 type I receptor","volume":"3","author":"Sakata","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/208\/3\/672\/61465241\/ji2001453.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/208\/3\/672\/61465241\/ji2001453.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T08:53:44Z","timestamp":1739177624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/208\/3\/672\/7924575"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.2001453","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]}}}