{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:53:54Z","timestamp":1792533234534,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA172090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA172090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSG-19-166-01-TBG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSG-19-166-01-TBG"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Macrophages play a central role in lung physiology and pathology. In this study, we show in mice that alveolar macrophages (AMs), unlike other macrophage types (interstitial, peritoneal, and splenic macrophages), constitutively express programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), thereby possessing a superior phagocytic ability and the capacity to repress CTLs by cis- and trans-interacting with CD80 and programmed death-1 (PD-1), respectively. This extraordinary ability of AMs assures optimal protective immunity and tolerance within the lung. These findings uncover a unique characteristic of AMs and an innate immune function of PD-L1 and CD80 and therefore help in the understanding of lung physiology, diseases, and PD-L1\/PD-1\u2013based immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,16]],"date-time":"2021-06-16T14:10:32Z","timestamp":1623852632000},"page":"110-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Alveolar Macrophages Inherently Express Programmed Death-1 Ligand 1 for Optimal Protective Immunity and Tolerance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"207","author":[{"given":"Fan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) , Pittsburgh, PA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) , Pittsburgh, PA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadong","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) , Pittsburgh, PA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alyssa D","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) , Pittsburgh, PA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gutian","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) , Pittsburgh, PA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoxia","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) , Pittsburgh, PA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025022606323371000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3052","article-title":"The development and function of lung-resident macrophages and dendritic cells","volume":"16","author":"Kopf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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