{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:14:50Z","timestamp":1788394490233,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014219","name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82025022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82025022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Central Charity Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Science","award":["2020-PT310-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-PT310-009"]}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Bay Funding","award":["2020B1111340075"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1111340075"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The relatively low partial pressure of oxygen, reduced oxygen saturation, and aberrant plasma metabolites in COVID-19 may alter energy metabolism in peripheral immune cells. However, little is known regarding the immunometabolic defects of T cells in COVID-19 patients, which may contribute to the deregulated immune functions of these cells. In this study, we longitudinally characterized the metabolic profiles of resting and activated T cells from acutely infected and convalescent COVID-19 patients by flow cytometry and confirmed the metabolic profiles with a Seahorse analyzer. Non\u2013COVID-19 and healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. We found that ex vivo T cells from acutely infected COVID-19 patients were highly activated and apoptotic and displayed more extensive mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction, especially cells in CD8+ T cell lineages, than those from convalescent COVID-19 patients or healthy controls, but slightly disturbed mitochondrial metabolic activity was observed in non\u2013COVID-19 patients. Importantly, plasma IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels positively correlated with mitochondrial mass and negatively correlated with fatty acid uptake in T cells from COVID-19 patients. Additionally, compared with those from healthy controls, in vitro\u2013activated T cells from acutely infected COVID-19 patients showed signs of lower glycolysis, a reduced glycolytic capacity, and a decreased glycolytic reserve, accompanied by lower activation of mTOR signaling. Thus, newly identified defects in T cell mitochondrial metabolic functions and metabolic reprogramming upon activation might contribute to immune deficiency in COVID-19.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T15:55:17Z","timestamp":1622217317000},"page":"2900-2908","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Metabolic Defects of Peripheral T Cells in COVID-19 Patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"206","author":[{"given":"Xiaoju","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong Province ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen, Guangdong Province ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6765-9270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen, Guangdong Province ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen, Guangdong Province ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen, Guangdong Province ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen, Guangdong Province ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejiao","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen, Guangdong Province ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5320-227X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, Guangdong Province ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen, Guangdong Province ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science , Shenzhen, Guangdong Province ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025030417503871300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. 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