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Germinal center (GC) B cells are rapidly proliferating and undergo somatic hypermutation in Ab genes. This results in the production of high-affinity Abs and establishment of long-lived memory cells. GC B cells show lower BCR-induced signaling when compared with naive B cells, but the functional relevance is not clear. CD22 is a member of the Siglec family and functions as an inhibitory coreceptor on B cells. Interestingly, GC B cells downregulate sialic acid forms that serve as high-affinity ligands for CD22, indicating a role for CD22 ligand binding during GC responses. We studied the role of CD22 in the GC with mixed bone marrow chimeric mice and found a disadvantage of CD22\u2212\/\u2212 GC B cells during the GC reaction. Mechanistic investigations ruled out defects in dark zone\/light zone distribution and affinity maturation. Rather, an increased rate of apoptosis in CD22\u2212\/\u2212 GC B cells was responsible for the disadvantage, also leading to a lower GC output in plasma cells and memory B cells. CD22\u2212\/\u2212 GC B cells showed a clearly increased calcium response upon BCR stimulation, which was almost absent in wild-type GC B cells. We conclude that the differential expression of the low-affinity cis CD22 ligands in the GC normally results in a strong attenuation of BCR signaling in GC B cells, probably due to higher CD22-BCR interactions. Therefore, attenuation of BCR signaling by CD22 is involved in GC output and B cell fate.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T11:10:43Z","timestamp":1627643443000},"page":"1018-1032","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["CD22 Controls Germinal Center B Cell Receptor Signaling, Which Influences Plasma Cell and Memory B Cell Output"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"207","author":[{"given":"Sarah J","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Steffensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Acs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5298-9928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Weisenburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Wadewitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1860-0528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas H","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Nitschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025022610315354700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02960374","article-title":"Studien \u00fcber regeneration der gewebe","volume":"24","author":"Flemming","year":"1885","journal-title":"Arch. 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