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Here we report an increased expression of human endogenous retrovirus 1 (HERV1-env) proteins in Tregs of patients with de novo autoimmune hepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis, which induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. HERV1-env-triggered ER stress activates all three branches (IRE1, ATF6, and PERK) of the unfolded protein response (UPR). Our coimmunoprecipitation studies show an interaction between HERV1-env proteins and the ATF6 branch of the UPR. The activated form of ATF6\u03b1 activates the expression of RORC and STAT3 by binding to promoter sequences and induces IL-17A production. Silencing of HERV1-env results in recovery of Treg suppressive function. These findings identify ER stress and UPR activation as key factors driving Treg plasticity (species: human).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T13:52:09Z","timestamp":1675259529000},"page":"732-744","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["HERV1-env Induces Unfolded Protein Response Activation in Autoimmune Liver Disease: A Potential Mechanism for Regulatory T Cell Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"210","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9009-3313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kumar","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine , Washington, DC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saikat","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Georgetown University School of Medicine , Washington, 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