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We used single cell TCR \u03b1\u03b2 sequencing to determine how memory inflation impacts clonality and diversity of the CMV-responsive CD8 and CD4 T cell repertoire in the first year after transplantation in human subjects. We observed CD8 T cell inflation but no changes in clonal diversity, indicating homeostatic stability in clones. In contrast, the CD4 repertoire was diverse and stable over time, with no evidence of CMV-responsive CD4 T cell expansion. We identified shared CDR3 TCR motifs among patients but no public CMV-specific TCRs. Temporal changes in clonality in response to transplantation and in the absence of detectable viral reactivation suggest changes in the repertoire immediately after transplantation followed by an expansion with stable clonal competition that may mediate protection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,22]],"date-time":"2021-09-22T13:30:45Z","timestamp":1632317445000},"page":"2077-2085","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evolution of Cytomegalovirus-Responsive T Cell Clonality following Solid Organ Transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"207","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6470-6155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren E","family":"Higdon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University , Palo Alto, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8842-0218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Schaffert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University , Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Biomedical Informatics Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8377-4823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University , Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5154-2182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria E","family":"Montez-Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University , Palo Alto, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1669-3385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Lucia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Stanford University , Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8024-5854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alokkumar","family":"Jha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University , Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2526-7150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naresha","family":"Saligrama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University , Stanford CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8093-4465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth B","family":"Margulies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2798-0251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivia M","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Stanford University , Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6868-657X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark M","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University , Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4143-4708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Purvesh","family":"Khatri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University , Stanford, CA"},{"name":"Biomedical Informatics Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5722-269X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan S","family":"Maltzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Stanford University , Palo Alto, CA"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041420282011700_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12006","article-title":"CMV: prevention, diagnosis, and therapy","volume":"13","author":"Kotton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. 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