{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T16:23:00Z","timestamp":1780676580982,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1213,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 A125452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 A125452"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010384","name":"Ulla og Mogens Folmer Andersens Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010384","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Preterm labor (PTL) is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Whereas many studies have investigated the maternal immune responses that cause PTL, fetal immune cell activation has recently been raised as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of PTL. In this study, we analyzed lymphocyte receptor repertoires in maternal and cord blood from 14 term and 10 preterm deliveries, hypothesizing that the high prevalence of infection in patients with PTL may result in specific changes in the T cell and B cell repertoires. We analyzed TCR \u03b2-chain (TCR-\u03b2) and IgH diversity, CDR3 lengths, clonal sharing, and preferential usage of variable and joining gene segments. Both TCR-\u03b2 and IgH repertoires had shorter CDR3s compared with those in maternal blood. In cord blood samples, we found that CDR3 lengths correlated with gestational age, with shorter CDR3s in preterm neonates suggesting a less developed repertoire. Preterm cord blood displayed preferential usage of a number of genes. In preterm pregnancies, we observed significantly higher prevalence of convergent clones between mother\/baby pairs than in term pregnancies. Together, our results suggest the repertoire of preterm infants displays a combination of immature features and convergence with maternal TCR-\u03b2 clones compared with that of term infants. The higher clonal convergence in PTL could represent mother and fetus both responding to a shared stimulus like an infection. These data provide a detailed analysis of the maternal\u2013fetal immune repertoire in term and preterm patients and contribute to a better understanding of neonate immune repertoire development and potential changes associated with PTL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100566","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,15]],"date-time":"2021-10-15T14:03:28Z","timestamp":1634306608000},"page":"2445-2455","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Maternal and Infant Immune Repertoire Sequencing Analysis Identifies Distinct Ig and TCR Development in Term and Preterm Infants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"207","author":[{"given":"Brian L","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0949-2163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renan","family":"Sper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4746-8287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra C A","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Pineda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quoc-Hung","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Yeun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott D","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tippi C","family":"MacKenzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Center for Maternal-Fetal Precision Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Sirota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041420282613900_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60820-4","article-title":"National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications","volume":"379","author":"Blencowe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026041420282613900_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2017.07.009","article-title":"Epidemiology of preterm birth","volume":"41","author":"Purisch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin. 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