{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:45:27Z","timestamp":1792806327271,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI134040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI134040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI152687"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI152687"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Resistance and tolerance are vital for survivability of the host\u2013pathogen relationship. Virulence during Toxoplasma infection in mice is mediated by parasite kinase\u2013dependent antagonism of IFN-\u03b3\u2013induced host resistance. Whether avirulence requires expression of parasite factors that induce host tolerance mechanisms or is a default status reflecting the absence of resistance-interfering factors is not known. In this study, we present evidence that avirulence in Toxoplasma requires parasite engagement of the scavenger receptor CD36. CD36 promotes macrophage tropism but is dispensable for the development of resistance mechanisms. Instead CD36 is critical for re-establishing tissue homeostasis and survival following the acute phase of infection. The CD36-binding capacity of T. gondii strains is negatively controlled by the virulence factor, ROP18. Thus, the absence of resistance-interfering virulence factors and the presence of tolerance-inducing avirulence factors are both required for long-term host\u2013pathogen survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,16]],"date-time":"2021-08-16T15:45:38Z","timestamp":1629128738000},"page":"1507-1512","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cutting Edge: CD36 Mediates Phagocyte Tropism and Avirulence of <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"207","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0278-7543","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanlin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University , Newark, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jojo","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University , Newark, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliezer","family":"Rovira-Diaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University , Newark, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8592-4733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J","family":"Bzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon, NH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George S","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University , Newark, NJ"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025022610321124100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2432","article-title":"Two ways to survive infection: what resistance and tolerance can teach us about treating infectious diseases","volume":"8","author":"Schneider","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. 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