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More than two thirds of licensed NK cells (i.e., those expressing Ly49C, Ly49I, or both) in uninfected mice had already differentiated into NK cells with phenotypes indicative of Ag encounter (KLRG1+Ly6C\u2212) or memory-like status (KLRG1+Ly6C+). These pre-existing KLRG1+Ly6C+ NK cells resembled known Ag-specific memory NK cell populations in being less responsive to IL-18 and IFN-\u03b1 stimulation in vitro and by selecting for NK cell clones with elevated expression of a Ly49 receptor. During MCMV infection, the significant differences between licensed and unlicensed (Ly49C\u2212Ly49I\u2212) NK cells disappeared within both CMV-specific (Ly49H+) and nonspecific (Ly49H\u2212) responses. This lack of heterogeneity carried into the memory phase, with only a difference in CD16 expression manifesting between licensed and unlicensed MCMV-specific memory NK cell populations. Our results suggest that restricting proliferation is the predominant effect licensing has on the NK cell population during MCMV infection, but the inhibitory Ly49\u2013MHC interactions that take place ahead of infection contribute to their limited expansion by shrinking the pool of licensed NK cells capable of robustly responding to new challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,23]],"date-time":"2022-03-23T16:10:41Z","timestamp":1648051841000},"page":"1742-1754","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Influence of Self\u2013MHC Class I Recognition on the Dynamics of NK Cell Responses to Cytomegalovirus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"208","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3853-3948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Potempa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7990-8745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar A","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy , San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria D R","family":"Gonzalez-Hinojosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy , San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9833-7669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iliana","family":"Tenvooren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy , San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Chan Zuckerberg Biohub , San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5343-8696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana M","family":"Marquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy , San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Chan Zuckerberg Biohub , San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5291-3819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew H","family":"Spitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy , San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Chan Zuckerberg Biohub , San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1308-3952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lewis L","family":"Lanier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California , San Francisco, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy , San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021009002083000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3044","article-title":"NK cell development, homeostasis and function: parallels with CD8+ T cells","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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