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The key immune cell subset changes and the TCR\/BCR repertoire alterations in pSS patients remain unclear. In this study, we sought to comprehensively characterize the transcriptional changes in PBMCs of pSS patients by single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell V(D)J sequencing. Naive CD8+ T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells were markedly decreased but regulatory T cells were increased in pSS patients. There were a large number of differentially expressed genes shared by multiple subpopulations of T cells and B cells. Abnormal signaling pathways, including Ag processing and presentation, the BCR signaling pathway, the TCR signaling pathway, and Epstein\u2013Barr virus infection, were highly enriched in pSS patients. Moreover, there were obvious differences in the CD30, FLT3, IFN-II, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, RESISTIN, TGF-\u03b2, TNF, and VEGF signaling networks between pSS patients and healthy controls. Single-cell TCR and BCR repertoire analysis showed that there was a lower diversity of T cells in pSS patients than in healthy controls; however, there was no significant difference in the degree of clonal expansion, CDR3 length distribution, or degree of sequence sharing. Notably, our results further emphasize the functional importance of \u03b1\u03b2 pairing in determining Ag specificity. In conclusion, our analysis provides a comprehensive single-cell map of gene expression and TCR\/BCR profiles in pSS patients for a better understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of pSS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T11:14:14Z","timestamp":1657797254000},"page":"238-249","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Analysis of Gene Expression and TCR\/B Cell Receptor Profiling of Immune Cells in Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome by Single-Cell Sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"209","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1271-6826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianliang","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]},{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University , Guangzhou, Guangdong,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2062-8394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7583-5190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minglin","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9961-3258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhui","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6999-9551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shengyou","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingquan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixiong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianghong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University , Guangzhou,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongzhou","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7011-196X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donge","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6840-9158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital) , Shenzhen,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021008211110800_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216428","article-title":"Elevated EPSTI1 promote B cell hyperactivation through NF-\u03baB signalling in patients with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"79","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann. 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