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The NP multiepitope DNA vaccine pcDNA\/SBNT-NPs were prepared using chitosan to encapsulate the recombinant plasmid pcDNA\/SBNT, with a high encapsulation efficiency of 94.90 \u00b1 1.35%. These spherical pcDNA\/SBNT-NPs were 140.9 \u00b1 73.2 nm in diameter, with a mean \u03b6 potential of +16.8 \u00b1 4.3 mV. Our results showed that the chitosan NPs not only protected the plasmid DNA from DNase degradation but also mediated gene transfection in a slow-release manner. Immunization with pcDNA\/SBNT-NPs induced a significant IBV-specific immune response and partially protected chickens against homologous IBV challenge. Therefore, the chitosan NPs could be a useful gene delivery system, and NP multiepitope DNA vaccines may be a potential alternative for use in the development of a novel, safe, and effective IBV vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100909","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T13:05:20Z","timestamp":1645794320000},"page":"1396-1405","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Development of a Nanoparticle Multiepitope DNA Vaccine against Virulent Infectious Bronchitis Virus Challenge"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyuan","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2410-6497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ye","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guozhong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021008583463300_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2006055","article-title":"Coronavirus avian infectious bronchitis virus","volume":"38","author":"Cavanagh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. 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