{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T06:50:08Z","timestamp":1778568608365,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654041600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81771754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81771754"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Tongji Hospital Clinical Research Flagship Program","award":["2019CR206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019CR206"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The molecular mechanisms of primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (pSS) are poorly understood. In this study, we explored the role of the IL-33\/ST2 axis in the development of pSS. In the mouse model of experimental Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome, we found that the saliva flow rate at weeks 4 and 30 was preserved in IL-33\u2212\/\u2212 and ST2\u2212\/\u2212 mice, compared with that of wild-type mice. At week 30 of experimental Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome induction, the histological score, anti-nuclear Ab levels, and numbers of Th1 and B cells in draining lymph nodes of the salivary gland were lower in the IL-33\u2212\/\u2212 and ST2\u2212\/\u2212 mice, whereas Th17 cells and regulatory T cells were not changed. Primary salivary gland epithelial cells expressed the IL-33 receptor ST2. After stimulation with rIL-33, salivary gland epithelial cells increased the transcriptional levels of CD86 and CCL2, accompanied by the activation of the NF-\u03baB inflammatory pathway. There was a synergistic effect between rIL-33 and rIL-12 in augmenting the production of IFN-\u03b3 in CD4+ T cells. In the pSS patients, the expression of IL-33 was elevated in the labial salivary gland, with the number of IL-33+ cells positively correlated with the score of the EULAR (European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology) Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI). ST2 was highly expressed in the cytoplasm of ductal epithelial cells, with low levels of expression in lymphatic infiltration sites. Our data suggest that the IL-33\/ST2 axis may promote the development of pSS by enhancing salivary epithelial cell activation and the type 1 immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2101070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]],"date-time":"2022-07-14T16:23:59Z","timestamp":1657815839000},"page":"2652-2662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The IL-33\/ST2 Axis Promotes Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome by Enhancing Salivary Epithelial Cell Activation and Type 1 Immune Response"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"208","author":[{"given":"Yuanji","family":"Dong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bingxia","family":"Ming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongfen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuefen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Wuhan, Hubei,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3534-7480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jixin","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2017-1125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingli","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021009092651000_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16047","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.47","article-title":"Sj\u00f6gren syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Brito-Zer\u00f3n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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