{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T14:53:08Z","timestamp":1793199188027,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739145600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1046,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS-2103367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS-2103367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DGE-1939267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DGE-1939267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP200102880"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP200102880"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>T lymphocytes or T cells are key components of the vertebrate response to pathogens and cancer. There are two T cell classes based on their TCRs, \u03b1\u03b2 T cells and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells, and each plays a critical role in immune responses. The squamate reptiles may be unique among the vertebrate lineages by lacking an entire class of T cells, the \u03b3\u03b4 T cells. In this study, we investigated the basis of the loss of the \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in squamates. The genome and transcriptome of a sleepy lizard, the skink Tiliqua rugosa, were compared with those of tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus, the last living member of the Rhynchocephalian reptiles. We demonstrate that the lack of TCR\u03b3 and TCR\u03b4 transcripts in the skink are due to large deletions in the T. rugosa genome. We also show that tuataras are on a growing list of species, including sharks, frogs, birds, alligators, and platypus, that can use an atypical TCR\u03b4 that appears to be a chimera of a TCR chain with an Ab-like Ag-binding domain. Tuatara represents the nearest living relative to squamates that retain \u03b3\u03b4 T cells. The loss of \u03b3\u03b4TCR in the skink is due to genomic deletions that appear to be conserved in other squamates. The genes encoding the \u03b1\u03b2TCR chains in the skink do not appear to have increased in complexity to compensate for the loss of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2101158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,28]],"date-time":"2022-03-28T16:30:17Z","timestamp":1648485017000},"page":"1960-1967","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Comparison of Reptilian Genomes Reveals Deletions Associated with the Natural Loss of \u03b3\u03b4 T Cells in Squamates"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"208","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3035-2985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly A","family":"Morrissey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1065-5292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan M","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8625-2732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lijing","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2653-7231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria L","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester , Rochester, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0671-3637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil J","family":"Gemmell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, University of Otago , Dunedin,","place":["New Zealand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8629-354X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael G","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University , Adelaide, South Australia,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum , Adelaide, South Australia,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6665-3395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Terry","family":"Bertozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum , Adelaide, South Australia,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8479-8819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert D","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, NM"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021101011644100_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80237-X","article-title":"\u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3, and \u03b4 T cell antigen receptor genes arose early in vertebrate phylogeny","volume":"6","author":"Rast","year":"1997","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/gyx147","article-title":"How many species of mammals are there?","volume":"99","author":"Burgin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mammal."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03451-0","article-title":"Towards complete and error-free genome assemblies of all vertebrate species","volume":"592","author":"Rhie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2561-9","article-title":"The tuatara genome reveals ancient features of amniote evolution. [Published erratum appears in 2020 Nature 585: E3.]","volume":"584","author":"Gemmell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3442","article-title":"The integration of T cell migration, differentiation and function","volume":"13","author":"Masopust","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032414-112334","article-title":"T cell antigen receptor recognition of antigen-presenting molecules","volume":"33","author":"Rossjohn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800934","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cell update: adaptate orchestrators of immune surveillance","volume":"203","author":"Hayday","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/1.5.540","article-title":"A large proportion of bovine T cells express the \u03b3 \u03b4 T cell receptor and show a distinct tissue distribution and surface phenotype","volume":"1","author":"Mackay","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/334395a0","article-title":"T-cell antigen receptor genes and T-cell recognition. [Published erratum appears in 1988 Nature 335: 744.]","volume":"334","author":"Davis","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000257","article-title":"Analysis of the Chinese alligator TCR\u03b1\/\u03b4 loci reveals the evolutionary pattern of atypical TCR\u03b4\/TCR\u03bc in tetrapods","volume":"205","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6950","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902774","article-title":"Evolutionarily conserved TCR binding sites, identification of T cells in primary lymphoid tissues, and surprising trans-rearrangements in nurse shark","volume":"184","author":"Criscitiello","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040515","article-title":"The dynamic TCR\u03b4: TCR\u03b4 chains in the amphibian Xenopus tropicalis utilize antibody-like V genes","volume":"40","author":"Parra","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3205","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss128","article-title":"A model for the evolution of the mammalian T-cell receptor \u03b1\/\u03b4 and \u03bc loci based on evidence from the duckbill platypus","volume":"29","author":"Parra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3912","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103521","article-title":"A second TCR\u03b4 locus in Galliformes uses antibody-like V domains: insight into the evolution of TCR\u03b4 and TCR\u03bc genes in tetrapods","volume":"188","author":"Parra","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9776","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609106104","article-title":"A unique T cell receptor discovered in marsupials","volume":"104","author":"Parra","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5246","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101113","article-title":"Platypus TCR\u03bc provides insight into the origins and evolution of a uniquely mammalian TCR locus","volume":"187","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe7070","article-title":"The molecular assembly of the marsupial \u03b3\u03bc T cell receptor defines a third T cell lineage","volume":"371","author":"Morrissey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-014-0784-3","article-title":"Genomic V exons from whole genome shotgun data in reptiles","volume":"66","author":"Olivieri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2020.103868","article-title":"Insights into the evolution of IG genes in amphibians and reptiles","volume":"114","author":"Olivieri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2018.06.263","article-title":"Immunoglobulin and T cell receptor genes in Chinese crocodile lizard Shinisaurus crocodilurus","volume":"101","author":"Gamb\u00f3n-Deza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-01056-5","article-title":"Haplotype-resolved de novo assembly using phased assembly graphs with hifiasm","volume":"18","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty191","article-title":"Minimap2: pairwise alignment for nucleotide sequences","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2015.07.012","article-title":"MHC in a monogamous lizard\u2014characterization of class I MHC genes in the Australian skink Tiliqua rugosa","volume":"53","author":"Ansari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9173-0_3","article-title":"Structural and functional annotation of eukaryotic genomes with GenSAS","volume":"1962","author":"Humann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","article-title":"MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms","volume":"35","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/22.22.4673","article-title":"CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice","volume":"22","author":"Thompson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r27","article-title":"The international ImMunoGeneTics information system","author":"IMGT"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r28","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"41","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1994.1097","article-title":"The human T-cell receptor TCRAC\/TCRDC (C \u03b1\/C \u03b4) region: organization, sequence, and evolution of 97.6 kb of DNA","volume":"19","author":"Koop","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"issue":"W1","key":"2025021101011644100_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W293","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab301","article-title":"Interactive Tree Of Life (iTOL) v5: an online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation","volume":"49","author":"Letunic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r31","first-page":"406","article-title":"The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees","volume":"4","author":"Saitou","year":"1987","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11030","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404206101","article-title":"Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method","volume":"101","author":"Tamura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2018.01.009","article-title":"Analysis of TCR\u03b2 and TCR\u03b3 genes in Chinese alligator provides insights into the evolution of TCR genes in jawed vertebrates","volume":"85","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-111","article-title":"Comparative genomic analysis and evolution of the T cell receptor loci in the opossum Monodelphis domestica","volume":"9","author":"Parra","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270327","article-title":"The T cell receptor \u03b2 genes of Xenopus","volume":"27","author":"Chr\u00e9tien","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12467","article-title":"Evolutionary implications of a third lymphocyte lineage in lampreys","volume":"501","author":"Hirano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2005.04.008","article-title":"Genome duplication, extinction and vertebrate evolution","volume":"20","author":"Donoghue","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24573-z","article-title":"Reconstruction of proto-vertebrate, proto-cyclostome and proto-gnathostome genomes provides new insights into early vertebrate evolution. [Published erratum appears in 2021 Nat. Commun. 12: 4704.]","volume":"12","author":"Nakatani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03667-1","article-title":"A genomics approach reveals insights into the importance of gene losses for mammalian adaptations. [Published erratum appears in 2018 Nat. Commun. 10: 5707.]","volume":"9","author":"Sharma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz9445","article-title":"The immunogenetics of sexual parasitism","volume":"369","author":"Swann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10342","article-title":"The genome sequence of Atlantic cod reveals a unique immune system","volume":"477","author":"Star","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3645","article-title":"Evolution of the immune system influences speciation rates in teleost fishes","volume":"48","author":"Malmstr\u00f8m","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1126\/science.283.5404.998","article-title":"A molecular phylogeny of reptiles","volume":"283","author":"Hedges","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00200-X","article-title":"Comparative genomics of the human and mouse T cell receptor loci","volume":"15","author":"Glusman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2597","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.4.2597","article-title":"Ordered and coordinated rearrangement of the TCR \u03b1 locus: role of secondary rearrangement in thymic selection","volume":"166","author":"Huang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645426","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.645426","article-title":"An anti-tumor vaccine against Marek\u2019s disease virus induces differential activation and memory response of \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and CD8 T cells in chickens","volume":"12","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069639","article-title":"A role for skin \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in wound repair","volume":"296","author":"Jameson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2618","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202149243","article-title":"\u03b1\u03b2 T cells replacing dermal and epidermal \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in Tcrd\u2212\/\u2212 mice express an MHC-independent TCR repertoire","volume":"51","author":"Binz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.6.3573","article-title":"A keratinocyte-responsive \u03b3 \u03b4 TCR is necessary for dendritic epidermal T cell activation by damaged keratinocytes and maintenance in the epidermis","volume":"172","author":"Jameson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14965","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94017-7","article-title":"Generation and first characterization of TRDC-knockout pigs lacking \u03b3\u03b4 T cells","volume":"11","author":"Petersen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00171-20","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00171-20","article-title":"Mice lacking \u03b3\u03b4 T cells exhibit impaired clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection and excessive production of inflammatory cytokines","volume":"88","author":"Omar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.4.1929","article-title":"gamma\/delta T cell-deficient mice have impaired mucosal immunoglobulin A responses","volume":"183","author":"Fujihashi","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.038315","article-title":"Understanding the vertebrate immune system: insights from the reptilian perspective","volume":"213","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Biol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/aec.12695","article-title":"A review of the role of parasites in the ecology of reptiles and amphibians","volume":"44","author":"Bower","year":"2019","journal-title":"Austral Ecol."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r55","first-page":"216","article-title":"Taking stock: a review of the known parasites of the sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa (Gray, 1825), a common lizard endemic to Australia. [Published erratum appears in 2019 Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 143: ii.]","volume":"143","author":"Norval","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust."},{"key":"2025021101011644100_r56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2017.08.010","article-title":"Lizards, ticks and contributions to Australian parasitology: C. Michael Bull (1947\u20132016)","volume":"6","author":"Godfrey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Parasites Wildl."}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/208\/8\/1960\/61466509\/ji2101158.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/208\/8\/1960\/61466509\/ji2101158.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T01:02:09Z","timestamp":1739235729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/208\/8\/1960\/7927190"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.2101158","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}}}