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HIV is known to be sequestered in lymphoid follicles, and CD8+CXCR5+ T cell frequency is a marker for disease severity, given that HIV-infected patients with lower numbers of circulating CD8+CXCR5+ T cells display lower CD4+ T cell counts. Likewise, several groups have reported a direct correlation between the quantity of CD8+CXCR5+ T cells and suppression of HIV viral load. In this study, we observed elevated absolute numbers of CD8+CXCR5+ and CD8+CXCR5+BCL-6+PD-1+ T cells in the blood of HIV-infected participants of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. We further demonstrated in vitro that activated human CD8+CXCR5+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood and tonsil from healthy donors show increased CD40L expression and induce the production of PD ligand 1 (PD-L1)+IgG+ B cells. Moreover, absolute numbers of CD8+CXCR5+ T cells significantly and positively correlated with numbers of PD-L1+ B cells found in blood of HIV-infected individuals. Altogether, these results show that activated CD8+CXCR5+ T cells have the ability to activate B cells and increase the percentage of PD-L1+ and PD-L1+IgG+ B cells, which provides insights into the early events of B cell activation and differentiation and may play a role in disease progression and lymphomagenesis in HIV-infected individuals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T05:04:06Z","timestamp":1672722246000},"page":"33-39","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Follicular CD8+ T Cells Are Elevated in HIV Infection and Induce PD-L1 on B Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"210","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9804-6001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura E","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5973-598X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Ibarrondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9645-9910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel L","family":"Penichet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"},{"name":"Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"},{"name":"Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"},{"name":"The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7605-5994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Epeldegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Institute, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"},{"name":"Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021007580525200_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.12.2205","article-title":"Viral immune evasion due to persistence of activated T cells without effector function","volume":"188","author":"Zajac","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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