{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T01:37:47Z","timestamp":1780450667341,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32070926"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32070926"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31870922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31870922"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key project of the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin","award":["20JCZDJC00090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20JCZDJC00090"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Schistosomiasis remains an important public health concern. The eggs deposited in livers invoke a Th2-dominant response, which mediates the fibrotic granulomatous response. However, the mechanisms involved in this immunopathological process are still not perfectly clear. Here, we report a single-cell transcriptional landscape of longitudinally collected BALB\/c mouse splenocytes at different time points after Schistosoma japonicum infection. We found that exhausted CD4+ T cells were enriched after infection, changing from coproducing multiple cytokines to predominantly producing the Th2 cytokine IL-4. Regulatory B cells had high expression of Fcrl5, Ptpn22, and Lgals1, potentially regulating exhausted CD4+ T cells via direct PD-1\u2013PD-L2 and PD-1\u2013PD-L1 interactions. Within the myeloid compartment, the number of precursor and immature neutrophils sharply increased after infection. Moreover, dendritic cells, macrophages, and basophils showed inhibitory interactions with exhausted CD4+ T cells. Besides, in mouse livers, we found that exhausted CD4+ T cells were distributed around egg granuloma, promoting collagen expression in primary mouse hepatic stellate cells via IL-4 secretion, resulting in liver fibrosis. Our study provides comprehensive characterization of the composition and cellular states of immune cells with disease progression, which will facilitate better understanding of the mechanism underlying liver fibrotic granulomatous response in schistosomiasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T05:04:04Z","timestamp":1672722244000},"page":"82-95","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Longitudinal Immune Profiling Highlights CD4+ T Cell Exhaustion Correlated with Liver Fibrosis in <i>Schistosoma japonicum<\/i> Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"210","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4035-2057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiling","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2396-6233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Furong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihui","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6076-2547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Man","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7829-6935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingying","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai,","place":["China"]},{"name":"School of Life Science, Fudan University , Shanghai,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3665-4626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6604-3674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5515-9540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tinghui","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Nankai University , Tianjin,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangru","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Nankai University , Tianjin,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1130-4689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiqiang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases , Shanghai,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5989-7591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongming","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021007580620500_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61729-2","article-title":"Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 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