{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:28:01Z","timestamp":1787030881159,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"HHS | NIH | NIAID | Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AI146032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI146032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"HHS | NIH | NIAID | Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3R01AI084913"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3R01AI084913"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015691","name":"HHS | NIH | NIAID | Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01AI150600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI150600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014185","name":"Searle Scholars Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014185","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2P20GM109035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2P20GM109035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20GM121298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM121298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1F31AI152353-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1F31AI152353-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is the prototypic arenavirus and a natural mouse pathogen. LCMV-Armstrong, an acutely resolved strain, and LCMV-clone 13, a mutant that establishes chronic infection, have provided contrasting infection models that continue to inform the fundamental biology of T cell differentiation, regulation of exhaustion, and response to checkpoint blockade. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of LCMV-Minnesota (LCMV-MN), which was naturally transmitted to laboratory mice upon cohousing with pet shop mice and shares 80\u201395% amino acid homology with previously characterized LCMV strains. Infection of laboratory mice with purified LCMV-MN resulted in viral persistence that was intermediate between LCMV-Armstrong and -clone 13, with widely disseminated viral replication and viremia that was controlled within 15\u201330 d, unless CD4 T cells were depleted prior to infection. LCMV-MN\u2013responding CD8+ T cells biased differentiation toward the recently described programmed death-1 (PD-1)+CXCR5+Tim-3lo stemlike CD8+ T cell population (also referred to as progenitor exhausted T cells) that effectuates responses to PD-1 blockade checkpoint inhibition, a therapy that rejuvenates responses against chronic infections and cancer. This subset resembled previously characterized PD-1+TCF1+ stemlike CD8+ T cells by transcriptional, phenotypic, and functional assays, yet was atypically abundant. LCMV-MN may provide a tool to better understand the breadth of immune responses in different settings of chronic Ag stimulation as well as the ontogeny of progenitor exhausted T cells and the regulation of responsiveness to PD-1 blockade.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T13:32:28Z","timestamp":1666272748000},"page":"1691-1702","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Novel Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Strain Sustains Abundant Exhausted Progenitor CD8 T Cells without Systemic Viremia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"209","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8597-3949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lalit K","family":"Beura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University , Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2151-7335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milcah C","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J","family":"Pierson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0723-3347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vineet","family":"Joag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8819-2654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sathi","family":"Wijeyesinghe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7754-6392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew R","family":"Semler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clare F","family":"Quarnstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8549-0023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathleen","family":"Busman-Sahay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Beaverton, OR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob D","family":"Estes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University , Beaverton, OR"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3768-7622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara E","family":"Hamilton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaiva","family":"Vezys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2139-470X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David H","family":"O\u2019Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Masopust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021008391580600_r1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Genomic analysis and pathogenic characteristics of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strains isolated in Japan","volume":"62","author":"Takagi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comp. Med."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1934.02750360007004","article-title":"Etiology of the 1933 epidemic of encephalitis","volume":"103","author":"Muckenfuss","year":"1934","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012369454-6\/50035-2","volume-title":"The Mouse in Biomedical Research","author":"Barthold","year":"2007","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.160.2.521","article-title":"Selection of genetic variants of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in spleens of persistently infected mice. Role in suppression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and viral persistence","volume":"160","author":"Ahmed","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.5.1719","article-title":"Organ-specific selection of viral variants during chronic infection","volume":"167","author":"Ahmed","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/248701a0","article-title":"Restriction of in vitro T cell-mediated cytotoxicity in lymphocytic choriomeningitis within a syngeneic or semiallogeneic system","volume":"248","author":"Zinkernagel","year":"1974","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04444","article-title":"Restoring function in exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection","volume":"439","author":"Barber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4911","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.8.4911-4927.2003","article-title":"Viral persistence alters CD8 T-cell immunodominance and tissue distribution and results in distinct stages of functional impairment","volume":"77","author":"Wherry","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.3390\/v4112650","article-title":"Role of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in understanding viral immunology: past, present and future","volume":"4","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/362758a0","article-title":"Virus persistence in acutely infected immunocompetent mice by exhaustion of antiviral cytotoxic effector T cells. [Published erratum appears in 1993 Nature 364: 262.]","volume":"362","author":"Moskophidis","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.12.2205","article-title":"Viral immune evasion due to persistence of activated T cells without effector function","volume":"188","author":"Zajac","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.131.1.1","article-title":"Pathogenesis of chronic disease associated with persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis viral infection. II. Relationship of the anti-lymphocytic choriomeningitis immune response to tissue injury in chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis disease","volume":"131","author":"Oldstone","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-15774-0_10","article-title":"Immune memory and exhaustion: clinically relevant lessons from the LCMV model","volume":"850","author":"Zehn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-041015-055318","article-title":"CD8 T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection and cancer","volume":"37","author":"McLane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3384","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI80011","article-title":"Anti-PD-1\/PD-L1 therapy of human cancer: past, present, and future","volume":"125","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1229620","article-title":"Progenitor and terminal subsets of CD8+ T cells cooperate to contain chronic viral infection","volume":"338","author":"Paley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19330","article-title":"Defining CD8+ T cells that provide the proliferative burst after PD-1 therapy","volume":"537","author":"Im","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19317","article-title":"Follicular CXCR5-expressing CD8+ T cells curtail chronic viral infection. [Published erratum appears in 2016 Nature 540: 470.]","volume":"537","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.07.021","article-title":"T cell factor 1-expressing memory-like CD8(+) T cells sustain the immune response to chronic viral infections","volume":"45","author":"Utzschneider","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaai8593","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aai8593","article-title":"The TCF1-Bcl6 axis counteracts type I interferon to repress exhaustion and maintain T cell stemness","volume":"1","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.04.014","article-title":"Developmental relationships of four exhausted CD8+ T cell subsets reveals underlying transcriptional and epigenetic landscape control mechanisms","volume":"52","author":"Beltra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0221-9","article-title":"Defining \u2018T cell exhaustion\u2019","volume":"19","author":"Blank","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17655","article-title":"Normalizing the environment recapitulates adult human immune traits in laboratory mice","volume":"532","author":"Beura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(91)90018-U","article-title":"Quantification of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus with an immunological focus assay in 24- or 96-well plates","volume":"33","author":"Battegay","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3054","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501797","article-title":"Shortened intervals during heterologous boosting preserve memory CD8 T cell function but compromise longevity","volume":"196","author":"Thompson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.005","article-title":"Intravascular staining for discrimination of vascular and tissue leukocytes","volume":"9","author":"Anderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r27","first-page":"E7321","article-title":"Multiplex, quantitative cellular analysis in large tissue volumes with clearing-enhanced 3D microscopy (Ce3D)","volume":"114","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r28","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Practice and Experience in Advanced Research Computing on Rise of the Machines (learning), July 28\u2013August 1","author":"Baller","year":"2019"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616","article-title":"edgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data","volume":"26","author":"Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0403-4","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq reveals TOX as a key regulator of CD8+ T cell persistence in chronic infection","volume":"20","author":"Yao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.048","article-title":"Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data","volume":"184","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3192","article-title":"Spatial reconstruction of single-cell gene expression data","volume":"33","author":"Satija","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20211220","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20211220","article-title":"Natural rodent model of viral transmission reveals biological features of virus population dynamics","volume":"219","author":"Fay","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019304108","article-title":"Point mutation in the glycoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is necessary for receptor binding, dendritic cell infection, and long-term persistence","volume":"108","author":"Sullivan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.9.1249","article-title":"Immunosuppression and resultant viral persistence by specific viral targeting of dendritic cells","volume":"192","author":"Sevilla","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.09.006","article-title":"Molecular signature of CD8+ T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection","volume":"27","author":"Wherry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15430","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702579104","article-title":"Viral targeting of fibroblastic reticular cells contributes to immunosuppression and persistence during chronic infection","volume":"104","author":"Mueller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1HI0314-154R","article-title":"Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus persistence promotes effector-like memory differentiation and enhances mucosal T cell distribution","volume":"97","author":"Beura","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.03.031","article-title":"Quantifying memory CD8 T cells reveals regionalization of immunosurveillance","volume":"161","author":"Steinert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4866","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1200402","article-title":"Antigen-independent differentiation and maintenance of effector-like resident memory T cells in tissues","volume":"188","author":"Casey","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.08.019","article-title":"Transforming growth factor-\u03b2 signaling controls the formation and maintenance of gut-resident memory T cells by regulating migration and retention","volume":"39","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.4.2079","article-title":"Cutting edge: gut microenvironment promotes differentiation of a unique memory CD8 T cell population","volume":"176","author":"Masopust","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.09.013","article-title":"TCF-1-centered transcriptional network drives an effector versus exhausted CD8 T cell-fate decision","volume":"51","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0312-6","article-title":"Subsets of exhausted CD8+ T cells differentially mediate tumor control and respond to checkpoint blockade. [Published erratum appears in 2019 Nat. Immunol. 20: 1556.]","volume":"20","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0760-z","article-title":"Early precursor T cells establish and propagate T cell exhaustion in chronic infection","volume":"21","author":"Utzschneider","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5443.1377","article-title":"Persistence of memory CD8 T cells in MHC class I-deficient mice","volume":"286","author":"Murali-Krishna","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025021008391580600_r47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16004","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407192101","article-title":"Antigen-independent memory CD8 T cells do not develop during chronic viral infection","volume":"101","author":"Wherry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/209\/9\/1691\/61192530\/ji2200320.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article-pdf\/209\/9\/1691\/61192530\/ji2200320.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T03:39:33Z","timestamp":1739158773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jimmunol\/article\/209\/9\/1691\/7924847"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.2200320","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1767","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-6606","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]}}}