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We previously showed that IL-1\u03b2 release during Toxoplasma gondii infection of primary human monocytes requires the NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1 but is independent of gasdermin D and pyroptosis. To investigate mechanisms of IL-1\u03b2 release, we generated caspase-1, -4, -5, or -8 knockout (KO) THP-1 monocytic cells. Genetic ablation of caspase-1 or -8, but not caspase-4 or -5, decreased IL-1\u03b2 release during T. gondii infection without affecting cell death. In contrast, TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 secretion were unperturbed in caspase-8 KO cells during T. gondii infection. Dual pharmacological inhibition of caspase-8 and RIPK1 in primary monocytes also decreased IL-1\u03b2 release without affecting cell viability or parasite infection. Caspase-8 was also required for the release of active caspase-1 from T. gondii\u2013infected cells and for IL-1\u03b2 release during infection with the related apicomplexan parasite Neospora caninum. Surprisingly, caspase-8 deficiency did not impair synthesis or cleavage of pro\u2013IL-1\u03b2, but resulted in the retention of mature IL-1\u03b2 within cells. Generation of gasdermin E KO and ATG7 KO THP-1 cells revealed that the release of IL-1\u03b2 was not dependent on gasdermin E or ATG7. Collectively, our data indicate that during T. gondii Infection of human monocytes, caspase-8 functions in a novel gasdermin-independent mechanism controlling IL-1\u03b2 release from viable cells. This study expands on the molecular pathways that promote IL-1\u03b2 in human immune cells and provides evidence of a role for caspase-8 in the mechanism of IL-1\u03b2 release during infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T14:37:51Z","timestamp":1708353471000},"page":"1161-1171","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Role for Caspase-8 in the Release of IL-1\u03b2 and Active Caspase-1 from Viable Human Monocytes during <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i> Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"212","author":[{"given":"William J","family":"Pandori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California , Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0374-2395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie Y","family":"Matsuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California , Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1505-6560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Hun","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California , Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel C","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California , Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany H","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California , Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharmila","family":"Mallya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California , Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah N","family":"Batarseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California , Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3366-6840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa B","family":"Lodoen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry and the Institute for Immunology, University of California , Irvine, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025020405470294200_r1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15514","article-title":"Cleavage of GSDMD by inflammatory caspases determines pyroptotic cell death","volume":"526","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025020405470294200_r2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8761","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9761","article-title":"Human caspase-4 and caspase-5 regulate the one-step non-canonical inflammasome activation in monocytes","volume":"6","author":"Vigan\u00f2","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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