{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T23:40:11Z","timestamp":1778110811924,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]],"date-time":"2023-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003762","name":"Institut Pasteur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTR2017-066"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTR2017-066"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Leptospira interrogans are bacteria that can infect all vertebrates and are responsible for leptospirosis, a neglected zoonosis. Some hosts, such as humans, are susceptible to the disease, whereas mice are resistant and get chronically colonized. Although leptospires escape recognition by some immune receptors, they activate the NOD-like receptor pyrin 3\u2013inflammasome and trigger IL-1\u03b2 secretion. Classically, IL-1\u03b2 secretion is associated with lytic inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis, resulting from cytosolic LPS binding to inflammatory caspases, such as caspase 11. Interestingly, we showed that L. interrogans and Leptospira biflexa do not trigger cell death in either murine, human, hamster, or bovine macrophages, escaping both pyroptosis and apoptosis. We showed, in murine cells, that the mild IL-1\u03b2 secretion induced by leptospires occurred through nonlytic caspase 8\u2013dependent gasdermin D pore formation and not through activation of caspase 11\/noncanonical inflammasome. Strikingly, we demonstrated a potent antagonistic effect of pathogenic L. interrogans and their atypical LPS on spontaneous and Escherichia coli LPS-induced cell death. Indeed, LPS of L. interrogans efficiently prevents caspase 11 dimerization and subsequent massive gasdermin D cleavage. Finally, we showed that pyroptosis escape by leptospires prevents massive IL-1\u03b2 release, and we consistently found no major role of IL-1R in controlling experimental leptospirosis in vivo. Overall, to our knowledge, our findings described a novel mechanism by which leptospires dampen inflammation, thus potentially contributing to their stealthiness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2200584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,5]],"date-time":"2023-01-05T13:28:04Z","timestamp":1672925284000},"page":"459-474","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["<i>Leptospira interrogans<\/i>\n                    Prevents Macrophage Cell Death and Pyroptotic IL-1\u03b2 Release through Its Atypical Lipopolysaccharide"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"210","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3590-534X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delphine","family":"Bonhomme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Cit\u00e9 Paris, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unit\u00e9 de Biologie et G\u00e9n\u00e9tique de la Paroi Bact\u00e9rienne , Paris,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2419-9600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Hernandez-Trejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Cit\u00e9 Paris, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unit\u00e9 de Biologie et G\u00e9n\u00e9tique de la Paroi Bact\u00e9rienne , Paris,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stylianos","family":"Papadopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Cit\u00e9 Paris, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unit\u00e9 de Biologie et G\u00e9n\u00e9tique de la Paroi Bact\u00e9rienne , Paris,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2500-8776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"Pigache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Cit\u00e9 Paris, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unit\u00e9 de Biologie et G\u00e9n\u00e9tique de la Paroi Bact\u00e9rienne , Paris,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Fanton d\u2019Andon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Cit\u00e9 Paris, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unit\u00e9 de Biologie et G\u00e9n\u00e9tique de la Paroi Bact\u00e9rienne , Paris,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8281-4857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Outlioua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, UMR_S 1197, H\u00f4pital Paul Brousse , Villejuif,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay , Paris,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Health and Environment Laboratory, A\u00efn Chock Faculty of Sciences, Hassan II University of Casablanca , Casablanca,","place":["Morocco"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8122-509X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivo G","family":"Boneca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Cit\u00e9 Paris, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unit\u00e9 de Biologie et G\u00e9n\u00e9tique de la Paroi Bact\u00e9rienne , Paris,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3079-5476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Werts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Universit\u00e9 Cit\u00e9 Paris, CNRS UMR6047, INSERM U1306, Unit\u00e9 de Biologie et G\u00e9n\u00e9tique de la Paroi Bact\u00e9rienne , Paris,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025021007592740800_r1","first-page":"1","article-title":"History of leptospirosis and leptospira","volume":"387","author":"Adler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. 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